Safety technology in forging production

The heated metal material is forged into various shapes of tools, mechanical parts or blanks, which is called forging. Forging can change the internal structure of the metal material, refine the crystal and improve its mechanical properties. Since forging is carried out by extrusion, pressing, forging and forming in the hot state of metal materials, there are harmful factors such as high temperature, smoke, vibration and noise in the production process, and burning, machine tool damage and fire accident may occur in a slight negligence. .

Forging production must use heating equipment, forging equipment and many auxiliary tools. The heating equipment mainly includes a flame furnace (oil furnace, gas furnace, etc.) and an electric furnace. The heating furnace and the hot workpiece radiate a large amount of heat energy, and the slag and soot produced by the combustion of various fuels used in the flame furnace will not pollute the working environment, deteriorate the working conditions, and easily cause injury accidents.

Forging equipment mainly includes steam hammer, air hammer, die forging hammer, mechanical hammer, plywood hammer, spring hammer, belt hammer, crank press, friction press, hydraulic press, reaming machine, roll forging machine, etc. All kinds of forging equipment exerts impact load on the workpiece, so it is easy to damage the equipment and personal accidents; if the forging hammer piston rod is broken, it often causes serious injury accidents. The vibration and noise generated by the forging equipment affect the artificial nervous system and increase the possibility of accidents.

Forging tools and auxiliary tools, especially hand-forged and free-forging tools, clamps, etc., are often placed at the work site, often messy; and because of the frequent tool changes during work, the difficulty of inspection tools is increased. Sometimes it is easy to cause an injury accident by using an inappropriate tool. In the forging production, the transportation volume is very large, and various transportation equipments are used. It is easy to accidents if not paying attention. Forging is a collective operation, and each operator's technical level, mental state and strict compliance with operating procedures directly affect the safety of the operation.

Forging safety technology points

In view of the many unsafe factors in the forging equipment, the forging should have a certain knowledge of equipment maintenance and comply with the safe operating procedures. The blacksmith must pass the training and pass the test, otherwise the forging equipment and heating equipment must not be operated separately. For the running parts of forging equipment, such as flywheels, transmission belts, gears, etc., protective covers should be provided. The hydraulic press should have a safety valve, automatic stop and starter. The accumulator, the conduit and the hydraulic cylinder should be equipped with pressure gauges respectively, and the power regulator must also have a safety valve. Heating equipment mainly includes heavy oil furnaces, electric furnaces and gas furnaces. The main hazards are gas poisoning, burns, burns and electric shocks, etc. The operating procedures should be strictly implemented in the work. When forging, the metal heating temperature reaches 700-1300 °C, strong radiant heat, hot material head, flying oxide scale, etc. will cause harm to the human body, so the operator must wear personal protective equipment before starting work.

When performing forging operations, the operator must follow the safe operating procedures, concentrate and cooperate with each other; pay attention to the safe position and avoid the dangerous direction; when cutting the material, the body should avoid the direction in which the material head flies; And the standing posture should be correct, the pliers should not be right or against the abdomen; the hammer should be in accordance with the command of the palm wrench and the hammer should be hammered. When hammering, each hammer should be lightly hit, and the tools and forgings should be stable after contact. If the forging is too cold, too thin, not placed in the center of the hammer, not stabilized or dangerous, it should not be hammered, so as not to damage the equipment, mold and shock arm, and the forgings fly out, causing injury; Drop hammers and empty hammers are not allowed to remove the scale on the anvil surface by hand or foot. It is not allowed to touch the forgings by hand; red-burned blanks and forged forgings are not allowed to be thrown away to avoid scalding others.



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