In recent years, researchers and automakers at home and abroad have made many new technologies for the defects of traditional optical rearview mirrors from different angles through various ways and methods. These new technologies include both partial and unilateral changes, as well as omni-directional and fundamental transformations (using new working principles): both functional innovations and designs to meet individual or aesthetic requirements. Some of them have formed products and put them on the market, and some still stay in the design or test stage.
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1. Strengthen new technologies in rear view function
(1) Mirror new technology
The mirror is the core part of the optical reflection type rear view device. The mirror is also the key part of it. To improve the safety factor of special overtaking, parallel, turning, reversing or high speed driving, it can reduce the fatigue of the driver. Adapt to different working environments, it should meet the following requirements at the minimum to correctly and clearly reflect the object, no deformation or deformation; sufficient rear view field, the rear view range is as large as possible, it is best to eliminate the blind zone; in the rain, fog, It can work normally in special weather such as cold. Most of the current new technologies are proposed around these aspects.
a. Change shape and increase area
Increasing the area is the first reflection of the car manufacturer's solution to the rear view blind zone, but the large mirror frame is also large, which will cause overall uncoordinated problems, and may also cause visual inconvenience. In order to solve these contradictions, the designer considers the shape of the mirror, the area, the installation location, the style of the vehicle, and the hobby of the owner. Many cars, especially large cars, use large-area rearview mirrors like arms, also known as "rabbit-type rear-view mirrors". They are also installed in different positions than other vehicles, and are usually placed at the front of the vehicle.
b. Change the curvature of the mirror
Planar mirrors and spherical mirrors are two series of traditional mirrors, each of which has its own strengths, but all have obvious functional defects.
Planar mirror: The advantage is that the rear view object has no distortion, can truly reflect the true shape and actual distance of the object behind the car, and gives the driver more accurate judgment information. The disadvantage is that the rear view range is small, resulting in excessive visual blind spots.
Spherical mirror: The feature is that the rear view object is reduced, the rear view range and the angle of view are enlarged, and the size and actual distance of the object behind the car cannot be truly reflected. The driver needs to go through a process of adaptation.
For each of the above two mirrors, people have developed some new technologies and products by changing the curvature of the mirror.
Double curvature mirror: Double curvature mirror is a relatively new mirror. It makes up for the short-sighted range of the plane mirror, the spherical mirror reflects the unreality of the rear object, and its spherical portion has a large radius of curvature, generally about SR2000, which basically solves the distortion problem.
Variable curvature mirror: It is based on the vehicle model, the position of the driver's eye point and the relative position of the mirror, and the visual field requirements. Using optical principles and data methods, different curvature angles are selected for the front and rear left and right angles of the vehicle, and smoothed. The transition, in this way, can further expand the horizon and reduce the blind zone under the condition of satisfying the basic non-distortion, which not only satisfies the national compulsory standards, but also solves the blind zone problem. In addition, the design of the mirror surface is used to warn the driver that the curvature surface is only for observing the general situation of the car. In the design of the rear view safety is an innovative progress, but the manufacturing process is more complicated and the manufacturing cost is high. .
Panoramic rearview mirrors: Europe and Japan have adopted a panoramic rearview mirror to eliminate driver blind spots. The 2/3 area of ​​the rear view mirror is a flat mirror, and the outer 1/3 area is covered with a large curved convex mirror, so that the driver can see a panoramic view behind the car, eliminating the blind spot when turning, and the field of view is expanded by 200. %. To reduce blind spots, Sweden used exterior mirrors with convex glass more than 10 years ago. This type of rearview mirror has distortion in the distant objects, but it has been used in many parts of the world because it helps to eliminate blind spots.
(2) New surface treatment technology
a. plating technology
The mirror coating of the rearview mirror is silver-plated, aluminized, plated, and TiO2 coated (commonly known as "blue mirror"). Silver plated and aluminized mirrors have high reflectivity. Although they are clearly seen, long-term observation of the mirror surface is likely to cause fatigue to the eyes, and corrosion resistance is poor, oxidation is easy, and the cost is low. The chrome-plated specular reflectance is more suitable for eye irritation and has better anti-corrosion performance. Most of the rear-view mirrors currently used adopt such a plating method. TiO2 coated mirror has anti-glare function to reduce eye fatigue. At present, the use of rear-view mirrors for mid-to-high-end cars is also common, but the processing technology is more complicated, and the stability of color difference is difficult to control.
This type of rearview mirror contains a kind of adhesive. When a small charge is applied, the glue is darkened. When the photosensitive sensor senses glare, the charge is excited and the rearview mirror is not dazzled. In 1998, 7 million electrochemical mirrors were shared worldwide.
c. Protective film and protective liquid
This is an automotive accessory developed to solve the problem of rain, fog and dust in the rear view mirror of the vehicle, and some can also prevent sunlight reflection and nighttime lighting. It has been used more abroad, and there are many types of products. It has not been popularized in China, and mature products are rare. The basic mechanism of the protective film and the protective liquid works is that it has or can form a surface layer having a hydrophilic effect, so that the rain water cannot form water droplets, and the light does not have irregular reflection. Anti-glare reflection is due to the fact that some protective films are blue. At the same time, note that these accessories have many restrictions on the conditions of use and the service life (cycle) is not long.
2. New technology for easy operation
(1) Electric rearview mirror and memory storage electric rearview mirror
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When the driver observes the side of the vehicle and the rear of the vehicle through the rearview mirror before or during driving, it is sometimes necessary to adjust the mirror to obtain the best view. The fixed rear view mirror fixed to the mirror and the frame is completed by the operator directly adjusting the frame when adjusting the angle of view, and the frame and the bracket connection are adjustable. This adjustment method is time-consuming and laborious, and it is difficult to conveniently adjust the angle of view at one time. The driver needs to manually extend the window to adjust it, and it is inconvenient to adjust in the case of driving or rain. For direct adjustment of the mirror rearview mirror, the driver adjusts the angle of view by pressing the mirror while holding the mirror. It is similar to the fixed rearview mirror. The convenience is that it does not need to move the whole rear view mirror frame, and it does not damage the aesthetic appearance of the whole vehicle, but it is still inconvenient. For the rear view mirror in which the Cable is operated in the vehicle to adjust the mirror surface, the driver adjusts the angle of view of the mirror in the vehicle through the cable on the rotating member of the mirror. It is safer and easier to adjust during driving or rainy day adjustment, but the degree of automation is not high.
The electric rearview mirror is a commonly used adjustment device on high-end cars. The driver controls the rotating parts by means of buttons to control the rotating parts in the car to adjust the mirror surface to achieve the desired angle of view. This operation is easy, fast, convenient and correct, and solves the problem. The problem that the cable rear view mirror is inconvenient to operate due to the driver moving away from the button when adjusting the right exterior mirror.
After continuous improvement, the problem of looseness and electromagnetic interference that may occur on the electric rearview mirror has been basically solved. And further developed into a memory storage rearview mirror. The mirror adjustment design of this type of rearview mirror forms a system with the driver's seat, steering wheel and endoscope. Each driver can adjust the optimal viewing angle of the rearview mirror according to the individual height and driving habits. The steering wheel is optimally comfortable and then stored in memory. After other people drive the vehicle or are adjusted by others to their memory, the owner can easily open their memory storage, and all the internal facilities will return to the optimal setting. At present, many rearview mirrors are available on many cars.
(2) Heated defrosting of the rearview mirror
When the driver is driving in foggy or rainy days, the fog of the mirror of the rear view mirror, the frost in the winter or the rain in the rain may cause the driver's opposite side of the line of sight to be unclear, affecting the safety of driving, the driver needs to extend out of the window. It is extremely inconvenient to clean the mirror surface, and it is a temporary measure. The fog and rain will immediately obscure it.
Therefore, in order to complete the function, the safety of driving and the convenience of operation, the design uses a heating defrosting device. When the above situation occurs, the driver can conveniently turn on the heating defrosting button to relieve unnecessary worries.
3. New technologies to improve safety and durability and extend the life of the device
(1) Mirror anti-splash
Rearview mirrors are used as body safety parts. The national mandatory standards clearly stipulate that when the rearview mirrors are subjected to strong impact, the mirrors of the rearview mirrors must not be splashed and wounded. In order to prevent specular splashing, the design measures are: using safety glass: the glass component is as firmly connected as possible to the entire device.
(2) Folding function
During the driving process, some accidents are inevitable during the driving process, such as the vehicle colliding with the vehicle, the vehicle rubbing against the building, and the vehicle colliding with the pedestrian to inadvertently collide. The rear view mirror, which is the widest part mounted on the vehicle, is most susceptible to impact in the event of a phase rub. In order to avoid scratches and to reduce the parking space, the researchers thought of folding the frame. The design is to change the coupling or increase the folding mechanism to make the mirror have a folding function. There are two ways to fold, usually by extending the window out of the hand or folding the frame out of the car, but it is not inconvenient; at present, many of them are electric, and the driver can easily adjust it in the car. Solved a lot of operational convenience.
(3) Material and plating requirements
Because the rearview mirror is installed outside the car, the sun and rain are long-term, the weather conditions are bad, and the car is subjected to bumps during driving. Therefore, the materials of the rearview mirror are selected for temperature, humidity, strength and impact, and bending performance. Other requirements, but also require the material is not easy to age, corrosion resistance, injection molding performance and good performance of the paint.
Plating also affects the durability of the product, and the related techniques have been discussed previously.
4, to meet the new technology of aesthetic coordination
(1) Pay attention to the overall style design of the rearview mirror
Modern cars, especially high-end cars, in addition to considering the streamlined shape and drag coefficient of the rearview mirror, also attach great importance to the overall style design of the rearview mirror, which greatly enhances the artistry and enjoyability.
(2) Expressing luxury through surface painting
The high-quality spray of the rearview mirror assembly allows the rearview mirror to be graded; or it can be integrated into the body, or it can be elegant or unique.
5, new ideas for reversing safety
(1) Add optical auxiliary rearview mirror
This is a rearview mirror that is more popular in the UK. Its auxiliary mirrors are mounted on standard rearview mirrors and can be angled relative to standard rearview mirrors to extend their rear view range.
The auxiliary rearview mirror has a main body portion and a housing rotating relative to the main body. The housing has a shoulder portion with a shoulder for holding the mirror. The lower surface of the housing has a sleeve at the center, and the free end has a pair of opposite mounting brackets. The rear view mirror body has a plurality of teeth on the same side, and the center bifurcated shaft is used to insert the housing sleeve when it is connected. When the housing rotates, the teeth of the bracket engage with the teeth of the main body, thus fixing Their mutual position, while the mirror is tilted relative to the body, the body can be glued to the standard rearview mirror.
The auxiliary rearview mirror has a diameter of about 40-50m and is mounted on the standard rearview mirror, which has no effect on the wind resistance of the vehicle. However, it still has a large dead zone, and the manufacturing is complicated and the production cost is high.
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(2) Side mirrors for car trains
This adjustable rear view mirror structure has the best view when turning or reversing (especially for trains). A pair of side mirrors are mounted in the shared housing - one moving and one stationary, the movable side mirrors are rotated relative to the stationary side mirrors and can form different line angles, and the movable side mirrors are connected by the motor through the rods. The two side mirrors together with the housing can also be rotated relative to the vertical axis of the fixed bracket.
The blind spot is still very large, and the width of the whole vehicle is increased, which is not beautiful enough.
(3) Intelligent technology
With the development of electronic technology, many intelligent technologies are widely used in automobiles. According to rough statistics, there are more than 20 kinds of intelligent technologies for car safety alone, and intelligent rear-view technology emerges one after another. For example, Gentex is studying the use of a digitally assisted rearview mirror system to enhance the driver's vision. This system not only reflects the scenes that can be seen, but also uses several sensors to capture and display inconspicuous visual information. The sensor can change the contrast of the light between objects, so that objects that are not easily visible in the dark can be seen and found. A dangerous obstacle in a place where the headlights are unclear or the sun is dazzling.
a. Intelligent ranging, display (reverse radar) technology
Various systems or devices made using radar (laser, ultrasonic) ranging principles are widely used in automobiles. It can accurately measure the distance between the source and the obstacle and display it in digital form on the meter that is installed in the driver's range or alarm or both.
b. Infrared night vision technology
The use of infrared light can improve the visibility of the car at night. DaimlerChrysler uses two laser infrared beams with the same illumination as the high beam to illuminate the scene in front of the car, and then an infrared camera placed on the top of the car captures what the driver can't see (pedestrians, Cyclists, etc.). The captured image is transmitted to a TV-like screen between the windshield in front of the driver's seat and the dashboard. In this way, the driver is wearing an infrared telescope, and the scene in front of the car is clearly distinguishable.
c. Visual monitoring (reverse electronic screen) technology
The reversing electronic screen system is equipped with a camera on the trunk lid or the rear bumper, and transmits the captured image to the electronic screen in front of the driver's seat. The driver can know the situation behind the vehicle by simply looking at the electronic screen in front of the driver. This technology has been applied and solved the problems of reverse and night vision.
At the Detroit International Auto Show, GM's Precept concept car was fitted with a camera-based rearview mirror system from Donnelly. The system uses an interior rear view mirror and two exterior rearview mirrors to capture the scene around the car. The three scenes are combined to display a panoramic image on the center console's screen, and textual instructions are used to convey the message. The camera can also be used when reversing. When there are obstacles such as fire hydrants near the rear of the car, let the driver know in time.
Volvo (Relux) car company recently launched a new car called SCC with "active rearview mirror and backward camera" technology, which is essentially a combination of digital technology and visual monitoring (reverse electronic screen) technology. The rear view mirror with the built-in door and the sensor in the rear bumper can be used to alert the driver to the vehicle coming from the "blind spot" behind the side of the car through a video signal. When the danger increases, the driver also receives an alarm consisting of video and audio signals. As a complement to the door mirrors, the rear-facing mirrors on both sides of the car are equipped with a “backward cameraâ€, which captures the video as a video image on a display monitor on the dashboard. The driver can use it to observe the situation if necessary. At the same time, the car is also equipped with an infrared light enhancer, which uses infrared technology to extend and broaden the driver's view at night.
Compared with the reversing radar system, the reversing electronic screen system has the advantage of determining the distance accurately. This is because the ultrasonic waves, cliffs, protruding steel bars, bamboo poles and other ultrasonic waves behind the vehicle cannot be sensed, which is also the latter's reversing. A dead end on security. At the same time, due to the improvement of the audio-visual system on the car, the foundation of the former has been widely used.
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