As the core equipment in the era of cloud computing and big data, cloud servers have become the main battlefield for server field technology competition. The overall global cloud computing market continues to grow. In 2016, the typical cloud service market represented by IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS reached US$65.48 billion, a growth rate of 25.4%, and is expected to reach US$143.53 billion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 21.7%. China's cloud computing market has maintained a rapid growth trend. In 2016, the overall market scale of cloud computing in China reached 51.49 billion yuan, and the overall growth rate was 35.9%, which was higher than the global average. Among them, the scale of the private cloud market was 34.48 billion yuan, with an annual growth rate of 25.1%. It is expected that the growth rate in 2017 will still reach 23.4%, and the market size will reach around 42.5 billion yuan. (ICT Key Research Report on Cloud Computing)
The central processing unit (CPU), especially the server's CPU, is a core part of modern information industry hardware driven mainly by cloud computing and big data. According to Gartner's data, in 2017 global X86 server market sales were $52.5 billion, and shipments were 11.39 million units. The sales volume of China's X86 server market is approximately US$ 12.3 billion, accounting for 23% of the world's total. Among them, the Intel CPU server has a market share of more than 95%. It can be said that one server costs 1/3 of the money to Intel. The global x86 server market has shipped more than 10 million units a year. The corresponding chips are nearly 20 million units (more than 75% of servers on the market are dual-servers), and it is said that the gross profit rate of Intel server chips can reach 70%.
Because of the monopoly, the server chips are not affected by Moore's Law. The pricing of products is basically a matter of saying. In addition to a small number of large users, there is a slight discount, and most users have very limited bargaining space. China has to purchase more than 5 million server chips each year, spending more than 4 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 1/4 of the global market share, and the purchase amount is 1/3 of the global market. In the server chip market, Chinese users are deeply hurt by the card. There is a sense of suffocation and fear that has been overwhelmed by the family. Especially in the booming cloud computing and big data industry process, once such incidents as the ZTE ban, such a large market and closely-related industry coupling, are not affected by a ZTE company, but the entire server platform. For the infrastructure information industry, many industries from electronic terminals and take-away services to sharing bicycles will stagnate or even disappear. The most fundamental problem is a monopoly, no choice!
In fact, this is not just a matter for China, but a problem for all countries except the United States. Only this incident of ZTE's ban on sales made people pay more attention to the development of China's server CPU. After all, China's development in the cloud computing and Internet industry is so prosperous now, and it is also an important part of China's economic structure upgrade. China has been catching up with the development of server CPUs. The government and society have also invested huge resources in the development of server CPUs. They are looking forward to implementing localized safe and controllable CPU replacement products to break Intel's common server CPUs. Monopoly.
Chinese server CPU status
The instruction set architecture used by processors currently being developed in China is all-embracing. The most active ones are the Godson cores with MIPS architecture, Shenwei with Alpha architecture, and the Fe system architecture with Arm architecture, Hass, and Huaxin. Among them, Godson and Shen Wei have been insisting on completely independently researching and developing core technologies and creating their own ecosystems because of the high degree of autonomy of the instruction set property rights. Based on the Arm architecture, Hessian and Guizhou Huaxin General have chosen the property rights authorization to become more commercialized. The increasingly flexible and autonomous instruction set architecture empowers the more mature ecosystems that Arm reversed from the terminal to the military server market.
In certain areas such as the party, government, and military, which have very high security and controllability requirements, currently fully self-developed server processors, such as Loongson and Shenwei, have been basically usable after basic long-term efforts and technology accumulation. Gratifying progress, some of the application scenarios in these areas can basically meet the needs, it can be said that in some areas and application scenarios have been freed from the monopoly threat, to achieve an autonomous and controllable industrial circle. However, we have to admit that in the broader commercial market that is closely related to people's daily life, such as cloud service data center, big data analysis, artificial intelligence computing platform, smart city infrastructure, government affairs cloud, industrial key infrastructure, etc. The products we research and develop independently still have considerable gaps in terms of computational performance, stability, reliability, and eco-compatibility. It is difficult to realize large-scale deployment and replacement, and it still requires considerable effort and development. The highly autonomous and controllable products can completely change the current monopoly pattern and become an important force in the general high-performance server industry. This is what all people expect!
So before this? We can't wait passively, but we can't eager for quick success, we need multiple legs to walk, need long, medium, and short time solutions. Many routes are tempered and filtered by the market, and finally form at least 2-3 kinds of architecture in the server industry. 3 -4 important companies, each with their own special skills in different seasons, so that you can achieve what you have in the world of information technology, and I have your situation, so as to solve the "fear" of being stuck. From the current market trends, technology development and ecological environment observations, the server CPU of the Arm architecture is the most promising choice to achieve x86 replacement in the short term, becoming the most powerful force to break a monopoly.
Arm Architecture Server CPU Startup
As we all know, in today's cloud-based information technology system, the market success of general-purpose server CPU processors ultimately depends on the unity of the instruction set without fragmentation, the high performance and stability of the chip products, and the openness of software and hardware ecosystems. And nurture, open business model and industrial cooperation. The two most active and successful instruction sets at the moment are x86 on the PC and server side and Arm on the terminal. From several years ago, it began to invest heavily in trying to enter the market and eventually ended in failure. Intel’s attempt to use the x86 architecture in the mobile terminal is actually an ongoing fight among several important players in the Arm architecture. It is only now that it has just begun. The result is undecided!
Let's look at why Intel, the giant, failed on mobile devices. Is it an outdated x86 instruction set architecture that has congenital defects in the mobile market, or is it because the performance of the Arm architecture is so good that x86 cannot be implemented, or is it that Arm's low-power Intel can't do it technically? None of this is true. Today, the number of integrated transistors in processors has reached billions or even billions. Today, the myth that only the architecture of the instruction set can win is simply not convincing, let alone the top semiconductor manufacturers such as Intel. Its technology will definitely not be a problem for Intel. The x86 architecture's "closed-door" approach to bans and Wintel's dual monopoly model is the root cause of its failure in the mobile market. This monopolistic and binding model allows Intel to enjoy high profits and superior control over the CPU chips and other ecosystems, but it means passive and crushing for downstream customers and partners. Therefore, in the mobile market, the emergence of Arm's open business model has shown the rapid development of the firewood of everyone, and it has finally achieved great success in the terminal and embedded fields.
So Arm began to enter the server market with this open business model.
The open Arm business model
Arm's authorization category
The Arm architecture has three authorization modes: architecture-level authorization, kernel-level authorization (also known as IP core authorization, and is divided into soft core and hard core), and use of hierarchical authorization.
Using a hierarchical authorization, to use a processor, the authorization to use the hierarchy is the most basic, which means that you can only use the defined ip provided by others to embed in your design, you can not change the ip of others. , Can not create other ip-based packaging products with the help of people's ip.
Kernel authorization means that an enterprise uses the acquired Arm core plus its own designed peripheral functions to finally form an SoC (system-on-chip). If it is a soft-core authorized enterprise that can simultaneously obtain the design's RTL source code, a process based on the company's choice will be selected. Can be designed and modified, but the hard core is only solid graphics file GDS delivered by Arm, the enterprise directly used but is limited in the production process.
The authorization of the architecture is the authorization of the instruction set. The authorized enterprise can greatly design and modify the framework based on the Arm architecture. According to the functional requirements and market positioning of its products, it designs its own CPU core and SoC chip. Therefore, if an enterprise purchases an authorization that is an Arm architecture instruction set, it means that there will be considerable initiative. As long as the instruction set specification is complied with, the entire process of chip design will be completely controllable, and the structure and function of the chip. It is known and transparent.
Of course, the autonomous design after obtaining the authorization of the Arm architecture level cannot be said to be completely autonomous and controllable. There are two problems with the controllability of the server chip for the development of the Arm architecture. That is, whether or not the voice of the instruction set upgrade and the license are stored. .
Arm authorized open development
As a commercial company, Arm's market size and status in China cannot be ignored. On the contrary, in order to further expand the user base, attract and encourage cooperation with more IC manufacturers, Arm canceled the licensing fees for the Cortex-M0 and Cortex-M3 chip prototype designs in 2017. Although these two chips are low-power embedded products and the main market is the broader Internet of Things, it also shows that Arm’s long-term business model is open, the characteristics of Arm's own openness, and the rapid development of mobile Internet have achieved Now Arm's great success is also Arm's "open source spirit" to bring higher returns to Arm.
Recently, Sun Yat-sen of Softbank released the plan for Arm, which also talked about the strategy and development of the Arm China joint venture. The most important is that Arm decided to abandon the controlling power of Arm mini China. Chinese holding 51% and Arm holding 49%. This is an opportunity for the Chinese core to break through under the Arm architecture system. Immediately after the signing of the agreement, the company signed an agreement with the Sichuan Chengdu Tianfu New District Administrative Committee, and the Arm integrated circuit design service platform, the Arm China Western R&D Center, the Education R&D Headquarters, and the Arm Smart Town will be successively built in Tianfu New District. Arm's long-term layout and more open attitude in China can be seen from this, these new actions further corroborate Arm's open attitude, and China includes thousands of software, hardware, middleware, operating systems, and a variety of programs Vendors and design tool makers jointly formed and promoted the determination of a huge high-tech ecosystem. And open licensing is the root of all these strategic developments. According to Arm's latest plan, Arm plans to achieve 100 billion chip shipments in the four years (2017 + 2018 + 2019 + 2020) (the previous 100 billion spent 26 years), and then strive for 1 trillion in volume. In addition to the ARM architecture, mobile computing, automotive electronics, embedded chips, consumer electronics, and the Internet and server infrastructure are its five major directions. Therefore, in the overall environment where commercial globalization and market liberalization continue to increase, it is no longer necessary to worry that the authorization of Arm server vendors is limited.
Co-building Arm's instruction set development
Manufacturers who obtain the Arm instruction set authorization not only have the largest degree of freedom in computing core and SoC chip designs, but also can make modifications or add opinions on the upgrading of the Arm instruction set according to market demand. The development of the Arm instruction set is open. This is confirmed by Tianjin Feiteng, one of the major manufacturers of domestic Arm servers. It is reported that Feiteng has contributed to the development of the Arm instruction set. With the increasing market share of domestic manufacturers such as Feiteng, Huawei, and Xunxun, Huaxintong, the right to speak of the development of the Arm instruction set will gradually increase. Through the success of the market, the influence of the upper-level IP will be realized.
The increasingly mature Arm ecosystem
Arm architecture has always been committed to high-efficiency, low-power architecture innovation. From the instruction set, CPU architecture, IP design, and SOC (System-on-a-Chip) design, all are designed to meet the needs of users and markets for green computing, and continuously improve computing capabilities and optimize energy consumption design. Through years of technical precipitation and exploration, Arm64 servers have been increasingly multi-core, multi-threaded, with continuous improvement of single-core performance, and have been supported by more and more customers through open architecture, open interfaces, support for heterogeneous computing of various types of accelerators and CPUs. Manufacturers believe that it is one of the most promising ways to build a green computing system.
As a common system architecture, Arm64 servers have unique advantages in a variety of data center applications, such as storage, big data analysis, high-performance computing, edge computing for the Internet of Things, Android applications, container microservices, and more. The Arm64 server is based on an open chip architecture and continues to innovate, gradually building the advantages of energy efficiency, cost, and ecological environment. Based on the open Arm chip IP authorization, many vendors have jointly participated in the development of the Arm server architecture specification standard. In April 2016, in the Chinese market, Arm led the Green Computing Industry Alliance with Dell, Huawei, and Alibaba under the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and was promoting servers based on the Arm architecture. Huawei, Arm, Dell, Lenovo, Huaxin, Electronic Standards Institute, Xinhua Third, Tianjin Feiteng, China Software, SK Hynix, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Institute of Computing Science, Chinese Digital Institute, Shenyang Digital Neusoft, Ziguang Guoxin, China Electronics, Mellanox, Tianjin Unicorn, China Great Wall, NVIDIA, Nanjing Baihe are all members.
In terms of hardware architecture, Arm Inc. leads cloud providers such as Google, Microsoft, etc., software companies such as Canonical, Linaro, Microsoft, Red Hat, SUSE, etc., and server vendors include DELL, Fujitsu, HPE, etc., and BIOS vendors such as AMI and Baidu. , Insyde, etc., as well as chip vendors (MACOM/APM, Hisilicon, Cavium, Qualcomm, Feiteng, Socionext, etc.) developed the ArmBase server hardware architecture specification SBSA (Server Base System Architecture). Arm has translated this standard into Chinese.
On the software side, Arm worked with partners to develop SBBR (Server Basic Startup Requirements) and its testing tools, namely firmware specifications for Arm64 servers that conform to SBSA specifications. The official version of SBBR 1.0 [4] was released in March 2016. The standard is available in Chinese. The basic software includes OS, tool chains (programming languages ​​and development tools), and cloud infrastructure software (virtualization and containers). It has achieved full support for the Arm server under the efforts of the open-source ecological community such as Linaro and various Arm server vendors. The mainstream OS software distributions (CentOS, OpenSuse, Ubuntu, etc.) all rely on a unified and open hardware architecture standard (see Section 2.2). With the continuous support and improvement of the SBSA specification by Arm64 servers, these mainstream commercial open source OSes have announced support for Arm64 servers.
The open source application software and middleware are huge, covering almost all mainstream data center service scenarios, such as cloud computing services (OpenStack, Ceph, Kubernetes, etc.), big data services (Hadoop, Spark, etc.), and high-performance computing services (OpenHPC). ), Database (MySQL, etc.) etc. The Arm64 open source community led by Linaro has established collaboration with these open source application software and middleware by building an Enterprise Reference Platform (ERP) platform (B.2.2). Through continuous iteration and evolution, the Arm64 server fully supports the operation of these open source software and basically enables the open source software ecosystem. Taking OpenStack, the most widely used cloud service software, as an example, the OpenStack community officially announced its support for Arm64 servers in October of 16th. At this point, OpenStack officials claim to support two chip architectures.
In the field of commercial software, Arm64 server vendors have been actively collaborating with various commercial software vendors and have obtained commercial software support in related fields. For example, in March of this year, Microsoft officially announced the use of the Arm64 server to support internal use of Azure Cloud Services [5]. Windows has already announced support for the ARM architecture. With the continuous development and deepening of cooperation, it is believed that more commercial software will support ARM64 servers.
With the continuous improvement of the Arm64 software ecosystem and continuous improvement of hardware capabilities, more and more open source software communities and commercial software vendors will provide support for Arm64 servers, providing users with a non-discriminating application experience.
In terms of the entire machine, Arm64 server hardware and software platforms have become increasingly popular in high-performance computer systems, data centers, and enterprise-class servers. The Arm64 server needs to follow the hardware architecture SBSA specification, firmware SBBR specification, enable a single operating system kernel image to support all server hardware, and avoid the fragmentation of the Arm server ecosystem. On the other hand, in order to meet the requirements for computing performance, real-time performance, and reliability in specific application areas, Arm64 server machines should also provide support for heterogeneous computing, scalability, RAS, and security.
In the Chinese server market, there are already a full range of industrial chain partners based on the ARM server chip, including kernel VM firmware vendors such as KMI and Bo Ao, Zhongke Fangde, Zhonglin Kirin, and PricewaterhouseCoopers, etc., and Alibaba Cloud and Huawei. Cloud, Baidu cloud and other cloud system partners, Da Meng, NPC Jincang, Ruizhong Data, Shenzhou GM, Nanda GM and other database vendors, Dongfangtong, Shandong Zhongchuang, Kingdee and other middleware manufacturers and Inspur, Lenovo, Shuguang, Zhongxing The complete system manufacturers such as Great Wall and Great Wall constitute a complete industrial ecological chain, and can achieve full localization of software.
In the field of domestic server chips, there are now three chip companies such as Feiteng, Hass, and Huaxintong designed server chips based on the Arm core. It can be expected that domestic server chips under the assistance of Arm can be implemented safely and controllably, providing a strong guarantee for China's information security.
Conclusion
“Gathering universal energy and borrowing power from all sidesâ€, President Xi Jinping clearly stated that “independent innovation is innovation in an open environment†at the conference of academicians of the two chambers of China, and put forward two specific ideas: First, deepen international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, take the initiative Layout and active use of international innovation resources, efforts to build partnerships for win-win cooperation and common development; second is to actively integrate into the global scientific and technological innovation network. Arm's open, cooperative, and win-win development strategy, the accumulated technical environment in the terminal and embedded fields, the increasingly mature ecosystem on the server side, and the performance stability of each server chip vendor's products have also tied in with Intel's most mainstream products. , multiple levels of joint efforts and the participation of many eco-partners, there are reasons to believe that the ARM architecture server platform is fully able to have the opportunity and ability to break the monopoly of the server market, a monopoly, to provide customers and various cloud service providers with a second choice, Eliminating the pressure of being controlled and stuck on the neck, helping the diversification of the Chinese server industry and achieving a healthy economic environment.
600Mbps Wireless-wifi Repeater
About this item
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