Today's portable consumer electronics require shorter charging times, stable voltages, and reliable battery monitoring. Efficient PMICs must provide a low-cost, versatile solution in a small package suitable for consumer electronics, with the best Performance and maximum efficiency provide higher value to system designers.
As CMOS technology continues to evolve into deep sub-micron, highly integrated circuits and significant advances in battery life have ushered in a new era of consumer electronics and opened up unlimited possibilities. Achieving high levels of integration requires advanced power and system management techniques to handle higher currents and lower system voltages in smaller packages, further increasing thermal management requirements. In addition, as more and more systems become portable, the importance of battery power is increasing. We must be able to monitor system performance, increase system efficiency, and maximize battery life, while fast charging regardless of the chemical characteristics of the battery is a new challenge for consumer electronics developers. In order to meet the space size requirements of equipment miniaturization and meet the needs of functional upgrades, power supply, battery management and dedicated system functions require highly integrated advanced solutions, which are major problems that should be solved in the successful development of consumer electronic system design. .
The power management and power supply systems in current consumer electronics applications are very advanced and complex. Traditionally, we have separated, designed, and integrated different system functions. Power and management are often issues that are considered later. In many cases, we use different regulators. Depending on the number of features in the product, there may be as many as 10 or even 20 different voltage regulator components in the device. Such "power management" and power supply technologies are costly, inefficient, and occupy a large amount of board space. These problems can hinder the realization of consumer electronic application goals.
For portable product design engineers, highly integrated CNC power supplies and battery management ICs (PMICs) will be a vital part of the system-level development strategy for cutting-edge portable products. System costs are expected to continue to decrease, while flexibility and reliability are expected to increase. These positive factors are driving the development of CNC PMIC.
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Extend Battery Life with "Like-Buck" Technology For feature-rich portable applications, the key to extending battery life is to design efficient power circuits and enable intelligent power management. This circuit is evolving from a simple and inefficient regulator circuit to a switching regulator component. This transition is especially important for low voltage applications, which is a driving force in the consumer electronics market. Higher efficiency through switching regulators is also welcomed by mechanical designers as efficiency increases reduce thermal requirements. At the same time, as the external filtering components are miniaturized, the packages required for the same features and functions are getting smaller and smaller. However, switched-mode power supplies do have their weaknesses, and pulse-width modulation (PWM), which is used to generate the required voltage (and power the low-voltage components), always introduces more noise to sensitive circuits. In addition, this topology also reduces efficiency under light load conditions.
Another development in consumer electronics applications is also eye-catching, which is the adoption of "up-and-down" regulators. This type of regulator is required for many battery-powered applications because Li-Ion-powered systems have VBATT voltage characteristics (see Figure 1), and many of the IP blocks used in the application are 3.3V core logic devices. When VIN is greater than buck mode (VOUT), the “up-down†regulator acts as a linear regulator, but when VIN falls below a given threshold, it transitions into a boost regulator. Device.
In the case of a lithium-ion battery system, the battery is fully charged to provide sufficient voltage for buck operation. However, as battery power is consumed, the battery output will drop. At some point we must use the boost mode of the up-down circuit to increase the battery voltage and provide the appropriate core logic for the load according to the overall device specification. Voltage.
ASSP Power Management IC
We designed an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP) to support power management, enabling highly integrated and digitally programmable features in the IC and helping to shorten the system design process for the final product.
The Power Management ASSP can easily implement the functions. Without its help, we have to use a custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a combination of multiple single-function discrete devices. ASSP PMIC helps save system manufacturer time and reduce resource and opportunity costs, which in turn reduces printed circuit board (PCB) space and system-level costs.
PMICs for portable product applications require complementary power, battery and reset monitoring. Digital control enhances noise immunity and enables dynamic management of power factor correction and conversion. Previously these functions were too complex and difficult to implement in a fully analog manner.
In general, power supply designers have years of experience in analog control systems. Their experience in simulation has led to the formation of analog design mindsets in their minds. To solve this problem, they need to fully understand the advantages of highly integrated CNC programmable power management devices, which can be implemented in a smaller package. More advanced system management. The shrinking printed circuit board area for portable consumer applications is driving the need for higher levels of integration.
Portable consumer electronics applications often require low power consumption to achieve longer battery life. Lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries are currently widely used in consumer electronics applications. The system's operating voltage has dropped to a minimum of 2.7V, which is close to the limit of the battery operating point, maximizing equipment operating time.
However, since all battery applications are basically faced with battery capacity problems, power management is an inherent problem that all electronic systems must address. In this regard, power management is an indispensable part of achieving unique system-level performance, because only the adjustment of consumer electronic systems can turn unpredictable and sometimes even noisy power supplies into stable, continuous Accurate and independent of the supply voltage of the load.
Consumers want to extend battery life without increasing size. We have to add more features in a smaller package, and the power consumption is even lower, which highlights the key role of power management design. The reason why we integrate as many functional modules as possible on the PMIC is obviously to save costs and reduce the size of the equipment, especially to achieve highly integrated technology for high-volume standard products. Integrated technology provides a single-chip power management solution for a variety of battery-powered handheld devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players, and digital cameras.
Emerging PMIC Architecture The PMIC is a hybrid signal companion chip that works in conjunction with an application processor or controller IC. The application processor or controller provides a large number of digital interfaces and software functions, while the PMIC provides power, battery and reset management for the corresponding consumer electronics applications. PMICs typically include a real-time clock and some wake-up functions to enable efficient system-level deep sleep. These features can be controlled by the host controller via a low-cost, industry-standard I2C serial interface with dedicated dedicated general-purpose input and output (GPIO) pins. We use intelligent interrupt systems to signal the host application processor or controller about numerous power management events.
In emerging consumer electronics applications, PMICs typically provide the following features:
1. Battery charging and battery management functions for lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries;
2. Battery and system temperature detection;
3. Reset management;
4. A variety of programmable low dropout regulators;
5. A switching regulator that controls the circuit of the low voltage system;
6. A range of DC/DC converters and control circuitry for USB or IEEE1394 devices;
7. PWM output;
8. LED driver output;
9. Real-time clock circuit with alarm function;
10. Universal input and output support system wake-up;
11. Various programmable subtraction counters and add/subtract counters;
12. Pseudo-nonvolatile parameter memory, which is always active and stores critical system information.
Low-Cost CMOS Process Silicon chip process technology plays an important role in developing low-power electronic components in the consumer electronics market. The standby and operating power consumption of these components must be low when implementing the advanced analog and digital functions required by the system. Traditional power management devices are fabricated using BiCMOS or BiPolar processes, while new devices are fabricated using standard submicron CMOS processes. This trend is important because CMOS technology is optimized for low power consumption and its range of applications is expanding, which facilitates miniaturization of devices, drives cost reduction and optimizes functionality.
The PMIC typically includes a power sequencing logic unit (PSLU). The PSLU is designed to control a variety of functions for system power management, such as power-up or power-down characteristics of multiple power supplies; battery charging power supplies; and low-noise, temperature-stable baselines required for low-dropout regulators (LDOs) Internal voltage reference, as well as other adjustment functions.
Device control and configuration registers are accessible using the industry standard 2-wire I2C serial interface. This interface allows the microprocessor to fully control system power management functions and helps system designers maximize standby time and playback time. We implement fault reporting through interrupt signals and status registers.
The battery charge management module includes an internal charge control function that enables efficient charging of a single-cell lithium-ion battery. The module works in conjunction with an external power supply connected to the PMIC device pins to safely regulate a nearly fully discharged battery, providing user-programmable current to the battery to a fully charged voltage level.
From a packaging point of view, chip designers must choose the smallest possible package to save board space, strive to reduce overall production costs for end users, and limit applications to z heights below 1 mm while avoiding There is a heat issue. If external components are required to have similar control over the device, then we must also consider the z-height problem of these external components.
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