Decentralized storage is technically different from distributed storage. Decentralized storage is the need to meet a more secure, more trusted, and more controllable storage environment in a more distributed, less trusted network environment. A straightforward understanding can be thought of as Bitcoin that can be used for storage. Here, it is important to emphasize that the blockchain itself is not used for storage. The blockchain itself is a ledger that records information about transactions. At least the current blockchain technology can't be used directly for storage. Whether the future technology development can be done depends on the demand. At present, there is no such necessity.
This is the biggest problem I have faced in the past year when promoting decentralized storage. More people are questioning the need for decentralized storage, which is considered a pseudo-demand. “Why should my data be stored in someone else?†Problems like this are endless. Here I am talking about why we need to decentralize storage. The main goals of decentralized storage are:
Safety
reliable
performance
First of all, security. It means that the data stored in the decentralized storage system is absolutely safe and has very strict privacy protection. This is the biggest difference and advantage with the current centralized cloud storage. In order to achieve security, each user's data is encrypted, fragmented, and has multiple redundancy in the nodes of the entire network. These nodes may be distributed in the United States, Japan, Europe, South America, and so on. Like digital currency, only people with private keys can get the data, decrypt the data, and view the data. In addition, the hacker is attacking, and it is impossible to know which data corresponds to which user. Even if the hacker finds the data, he can only hope to sigh. At this point of safety, current users don't seem to care, there is no demand, but it does not mean that the future is not needed. Sometimes the market needs to be cultivated, and it takes more patience to make products. The recent incident of Facebook user data leakage has a very big impact. This is actually a typical scenario of data security. User data needs to be better managed. On decentralized storage, authorization mechanisms can be implemented through smart contracts. Model training based on user behavior is completed under the condition of user authorization. Therefore, decentralized storage introduces not only the blockchain technology itself, but also the incentive ecosystem.
Second, reliable. The current cloud storage has achieved a very high level through the efforts of major manufacturers, and it is very powerful. Of course, the investment is huge, and there are also huge security risks. How reliable is the decentralized storage? From a technically objective point of view, there is a problem with the size of the network. The larger the network of decentralized storage, the higher the reliability. With the recognition of users, the scale of the network is getting bigger and bigger, and even comparable to the Internet, the reliability of data is close to 100%. Moreover, privacy and control are in the hands of users. There is a risk point here. When the number of early nodes is small, some measures are needed to ensure the stable operation of the network.
Finally, performance. This is everyone's association with BT and eDonkey. If you understand the technical principles, it is almost the same. A trade-off between the performance and reliability of the appropriate redundancy is calculated by an erasure code technique. This should not be explained too much.
3. How to achieve decentralized storageThe decentralized storage implementation is divided into two parts, storage and chain. The storage part is already a mature technology. With reference to BT, eMule and other technologies, both reliability and performance, as well as resource consumption, are sufficient to meet the demand. The key point is the chain. Expanding is why you must have a chain.
This is also a common problem, how to apply when blockchain technology is supported. I firmly believe that decentralized storage is a very fit and landing scene.
What does the blockchain bring to storage? Decentralization, credibility, privacy, control, and, above all, incentives. If I were to design a decentralized storage architecture, it might look like this.
Decentralization is very critical here. I think this privacy protection is thought to be controllable. So, in this scenario, we hope that we want more decentralized features, not multi-centers – so this determines the realization of the consensus mechanism.
Trustworthy, privacy. They are based on decentralization and incorporate cryptographic considerations. Many people are now talking about privacy protection, and even put forward the idea of ​​"distributed privacy", how to achieve - blockchain.
As we mentioned earlier, the size of the network - that is, the number of storage nodes has a great impact on the effect, how to let everyone contribute storage and network resources? How to ensure stable and reliable operation? The core here is the design incentive mechanism. There are a lot of difficulties here. At present, several storage systems I have seen: IPFS, Sia, and Storj have not solved this problem very well. Here, we must fully weigh the interests of multiple users, at least three parties. I will briefly analyze these items later.
So the design of "IncenTIve Layer" in the above picture is the core. In the above picture, everyone also noticed the "Smart Contract" module. Decentralized storage, do you need this module? of course! Many of the core functions are implemented by relying on smart contracts. For example, users want to download their own files, users who provide storage services have to prove their abilities, and so on.
To talk about the implementation of decentralized storage, talk so much. There is a lot of content to consider in the details. Welcome everyone to join the knowledge planet and explore more details together. Here to give you advice, first read through the white papers of Filecoin, Storj, Sia, and run these nodes, it is still very fun, understand how to store how to mine, the hard drive will be sold out like GPU?
Here is a special description of IPFS, its ambition is huge. More than just storage, it's more important to replace HTTP. In addition, Sia's overall design is better, but the design of the incentive mechanism is not ideal. The ecology is not easy to turn up quickly, and it is not easy to expand quickly.
4. Consensus from the storage expansionThe previous architecture diagram is simple, but the amount of information is really big. If you look closely, you will find a consensus module - the core module of the blockchain. There are now PoW, PoS, and DPoS to meet different scenarios. Have you ever thought about the nature of the consensus algorithm? For example, PoW, what is his essence? PoW de-centered the computing power, relied on the large consumption of power resources, and improved the reliability of the consensus. The key point is the consumption of resources. Can this resource be another resource? For example, storage resources, such as network resources, such as time resources, etc., can there be some new consensus ideas? Here is a brief mention of Genaro. I have done a simple understanding before, and the consensus algorithm has certain innovations. It is based on the mechanism of storage + PoS and has made certain trade-offs. Specific algorithms can be found in the white paper. I think this is a good direction and there is more room for imagination. It's like the Rank proposed by the Nebula Chain, a wonderful start.
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