"Manufacturing is the earliest field in China's opening, and it is also the most competitive field in the market. At present, China's manufacturing industry has been basically open, and the direction of expanding the opening up is very clear, that is, to achieve full openness." The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission has recently formulated a new The negative list of foreign investment and the openness of the manufacturing industry were answered when asked by reporters. In this regard, relevant people pointed out that China's comprehensive open manufacturing industry shows our clear attitude toward trade and investment protectionism and support for the extensive and in-depth development of economic globalization. The full opening of the manufacturing industry will not only help enterprises to enhance their international competitiveness, but also consolidate the foundation of China's manufacturing industry. It will also provide more and better investment opportunities for foreign investors, bring tangible benefits to the world, and promote global economic inclusion. increase.
Provide good returns for foreign companies
"In the past 40 years, China has undergone tremendous changes. It has become a major manufacturing and exporting country in the world, a large foreign-invested country in the manufacturing sector and a large overseas investment country, and has gradually integrated into the international industrial division system. It has made important contributions to global economic growth. In 2017, China The total import and export volume of goods reached 4.1 trillion US dollars, 783 times that of 1978; the actual use of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector reached 33.5 billion US dollars, and the total foreign direct investment totaled 120.1 billion US dollars. The scope, level and mode of Sino-foreign mutual cooperation continued to expand, made in China. The pattern of full openness of the industry has been formed and deepened." Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said recently.
As a key area for foreign investment, the restrictions on foreign investment in manufacturing have been shrinking in recent years. For example, the newly revised Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue (2017) has significantly reduced the access restrictions for foreign investment in manufacturing. Of the 31 major categories, 179 intermediate categories and 609 subcategories, 22 major categories, 167 medium categories and 585 subcategories have been fully open to foreign investment, accounting for 71%, 93.3% and 96.1% respectively.
Continued expansion and opening up has provided a broader space for foreign capital to enter China. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in 2017, 4,986 foreign-invested enterprises were newly established in China's manufacturing industry, a year-on-year increase of 24.3%. At the same time, overseas investment by Chinese companies has also shown strong growth in recent years. The manufacturing industry accounts for more than one-third of overseas investment, covering textiles, food, machinery, automobiles, electronics and many other fields, bringing lucrative returns to both partners.
At the same time as the scale is expanded, the quality is also improving. In recent years, the focus of foreign investment has gradually expanded from processing and manufacturing to high-tech fields such as computers, integrated circuits, and intelligent manufacturing. Nearly 2,000 multinational companies have established regional headquarters and R&D centers in China. In 2017, the actual use of foreign capital in high-tech manufacturing was 66.59 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.3%. Among them, the electronics and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing industries increased by 7.9% and 71.1 respectively. % and 28%. Among the Chinese construction machinery manufacturers that have entered the "Top 20 Global Industry", Xugong, Zoomlion, Sanliu and Liugong have established R&D institutions in Europe.
Miao Wei pointed out that the open Chinese manufacturing industry has benefited from the investment of foreign capital, technology and talents, and has continued to provide good returns for foreign-funded enterprises. According to the 2017 China Business Environment Survey recently released by the US-China Business Council, 95% of companies surveyed continue to be profitable in China, and one-third of companies report that their business in China is more profitable than those in other markets. .
At the same time, overseas investment by Chinese manufacturing companies also brought local funds, technology and products to solve local employment, development and taxation. By the end of 2017, only Chinese enterprises had invested a total of 30.7 billion U.S. dollars in overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, and paid host country taxes and fees of 2.42 billion U.S. dollars, creating 258,000 jobs for the local area. The US-China Relations National Committee report shows that Chinese companies directly employ more than 140,000 Americans in Ohio, not only contributing valuable tax and employment opportunities to the local community, but also helping to maintain and upgrade local public facilities. In this regard, the Wall Street Journal believes that Chinese investment is reviving the US “rust zoneâ€.
"We will further implement the opening requirements of the automobile, shipbuilding, aircraft and other industries on the basis of the basic opening of the manufacturing industry, relax the restrictions on foreign-invested shares, especially the restrictions on foreign-invested shares in the automobile industry, and strengthen the docking with international economic and trade rules to provide more for foreign businessmen. More and better investment opportunities," said Miao Wei.
According to the National Development and Reform Commission, the new negative foreign investment list to be introduced in the first half of this year will focus on manufacturing opening. For example, the automobile industry will implement a transitional opening period for sub-types. In 2018, the ratio of foreign-funded shares of special-purpose vehicles and new energy vehicles will be abolished; in 2020, the restrictions on foreign-funded shares of commercial vehicles will be abolished; in 2022, the ratio of foreign-invested shares of passenger vehicles will be cancelled, and joint ventures will be cancelled. There are no more than two restrictions for enterprises. Through the five-year transition period, the automotive industry will all be lifted.
Dudenhof, a professor at Duisburg-Essen University in Germany, bluntly stated that China has gradually eliminated the restrictions on foreign-invested shares in the auto industry. “I think this step is very correct and necessary.†He said that this move will promote China’s domestic Car companies increase their investment in technology research and development to enhance their competitiveness. For foreign companies, this policy will dispel their concerns about technology loss and attract more foreign companies to set up factories in China.
According to a recent report by the BBC website, the relaxation of restrictions reflects China's confidence in the young and fast-growing auto industry and the desire to make the auto industry more flexible in the context of the country's push to develop electric vehicles. The German "World News" website reported that the move brought new opportunities for automakers in Germany and the United States, Japan and South Korea.
Major automakers are also generally welcome. BMW Motors said, "We believe that a more free and flexible business environment will benefit Chinese companies, foreign companies in China and the Chinese economy. BMW will continue to pursue common interests and win-win solutions with local partners." Ford Motor said the company is encouraged by the lifting of restrictions and looks forward to more details. Japan’s Nissan Motor said it will focus on relevant developments and make corresponding plans.
In addition to the automotive industry, the NDRC introduced that the shipbuilding industry will cancel the foreign-investment ratio limit in 2018, including design, manufacturing and repair. The aircraft manufacturing industry will cancel foreign-investment ratio restrictions in 2018, including trunk aircraft, regional aircraft, general aircraft, helicopters, drones, and aerostats.
"Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has basically achieved a full range of opening up in the manufacturing industry. A few industries that still retain restrictions, such as automobiles, ships and aircraft, are also in the process of gradual opening up. These industries, Especially in the automobile and shipbuilding industry, after years of development, it has already ranked in the forefront of the world in terms of industry scale. Although there are still gaps in brand and technology with some multinational companies, it has already had the ability to compete with it. In a new round In the process of reform and opening up, in order to further stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of Chinese enterprises, strengthen the market competition awareness of enterprises, and promote the development of related industries, China needs and conditions to promote the full opening of manufacturing. Zhang Jianping, director of the Economic Cooperation Research Center, said in an interview with this reporter.
While further expanding the open field, Yan Pengcheng, director of the Policy Research Office of the National Development and Reform Commission, pointed out that we will take more measures to improve the foreign investment environment: first, accelerate the creation of a level playing field, and second, focus on improving the level of investment facilitation. Strengthen the construction of a rule of law environment.
Specifically, in the areas of qualification licensing, government procurement, standard setting, “Made in China 2025†policy, science and technology plan projects, enterprise listing, registration, etc., domestic and foreign-funded enterprises are treated equally. Full implementation of the pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management system for foreign investment, simplifying management procedures outside the negative list. Docking international standards, significantly reducing time in starting businesses, handling construction permits, and cross-border trade. Strengthen the enforcement of intellectual property rights and protect various legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment. Accelerate the formulation of basic foreign-funded laws and determine the basic systems of investment protection, investment promotion, fair competition, and investment management in legal form.
Zhang Jianping believes that in the context of full openness and continuous optimization of the business environment, market competition will become more intense. In this process, if enterprises want to gain a firm foothold and expand market share, they must strengthen innovation and cultivate their own brands, which will help enterprises to enhance their international competitiveness and further consolidate the foundation of China's manufacturing industry.
It is worth noting that with the rise of China's manufacturing industry, some people are worried that structural problems such as overcapacity in the development of China's manufacturing industry will have a greater impact on the industrial development of other countries; some people are worried that The Chinese government's launch of "Made in China 2025" is only conducive to the development of local enterprises, and will set unfair competition barriers for enterprises in other countries. In this regard, Miao Wei bluntly said that these doubts are unnecessary. "No matter whether it is past, present or future, mutual benefit and open cooperation are the fundamental principles adhered to in the development of China's manufacturing industry," said Miao Wei.
Taking "Made in China 2025" as an example, the US government recently accused "Made in China 2025" in the 301 investigation report, arguing that China has set market share and government support measures in it, which constitutes unfair competition. In this regard, the Ministry of Commerce clearly pointed out that this has no factual basis and is a misinterpretation of "Made in China 2025". Adhering to the concept of open development, cooperation and win-win, China proposes “Made in China 2025â€, which is open and transparent, with the aim of providing strategic guidance and information guidance for promoting the upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. “Made in China 2025†is also open and non-discriminatory. Relevant policies and measures are applicable to all enterprises in China. Chinese-funded enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises can participate, of course, including US-funded enterprises. In fact, a number of foreign companies and institutions, including US companies, have participated in the implementation of the “Made in China 2025†project such as the C919 aircraft.
“As China's manufacturing industry is fully open and large, China will bring more tangible benefits to the world: China's manufacturing industry will better meet the global market demand for high quality, high value-added products. To provide global consumers with products with higher satisfaction and reputation. At the same time, Chinese manufacturing enterprises 'going out' will further help countries expand employment, contribute tax revenue, improve the ecological environment, promote economic and social development of host countries, and achieve mutual benefit. To promote inclusive growth in the global economy." Zhang Jianping said.
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