In terms of industrialization, domestic manufacturers represented by Sanan Optoelectronics broke through the technical barrier of 100 lm/W and successfully completed the objectives of the "863 Program". Domestic chips are expected to gradually infiltrate and eventually replace imported chips in the current “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand†pilot demonstration projects, large-size LCD backlights and indoor general lighting applications with superior performance and competitive price advantages.
In 2009, the yield of China's chip countries reached 52%, and the output value increased by 25% compared with 2008, reaching 2.3 billion yuan; the output value of LED packaging was 20.4 billion yuan; after the impact of the financial crisis, the application of semiconductor lighting increased by more than 30%. It has reached 60 billion yuan. In 2009, the total scale of China's LED industry totaled 82.7 billion yuan. From the analysis of the industrial environment, the major events affecting the industrial environment at home and abroad continued in 2009, and the connection between semiconductor lighting and the social and economic development of the world today is increasingly close, and opportunities and challenges coexist. From the perspective of the industry itself, domestic and foreign technologies continue to break through, new The application has developed rapidly, and relevant support policies have been gradually introduced. Industrial competition has seen new forms in technology, market and products. From the perspective of industrial development trends, the development opportunities of China's semiconductor lighting industry are obviously greater than the challenges, the overall industrial environment and industry. The competition is further improved and the prospects for industrial development are more clear.
In the development process of China's LED chip industry, early products are mainly based on ordinary brightness, and only a few manufacturers such as Nanchang Xinlei. After entering 2003, several chip manufacturers represented by Xiamen Sanan and Dalian Lumei were established. In response to the demand of the chip market, these manufacturers have focused their products on high-brightness chips, which directly led to the rapid growth of China's high-brightness chip production. For a time, China set off a climax of the development of the LED chip industry, and high-brightness chips have become the main driving force for the development of China's LED chip industry. In 2006, the output of China's LED chips was 30.93 billion, with an output value of 1.19 billion yuan. For high-brightness chips, it has been a high-speed development stage since 2003. In particular, with the release of the production capacity of a number of high-brightness chip manufacturers such as Xiamen Sanan and Dalian Lumei, domestic high-brightness chip production has experienced a blowout growth, after experiencing a rapid growth period of 100% output growth in 2003-2005. In 2006, the output of high-brightness chips continued to maintain a growth rate of 100%, with a growth rate of 101.4% and a growth rate of 45%.
Domestic LED chips are "latent"
According to the statistics of LEDinside industry research institutions until August 2009, there are 62 LED chip manufacturers in mainland China, which has shown rapid growth in recent years. 1999 was the beginning of the rapid development of China's LED chip companies. In 1998, there were only three related companies in China. In 1999, there were 6 more, and from 1999 to 2009, 2-7 companies entered the LED chip industry every year. .
In the seven years from 1999 to 2009, there were six or more new LED chip companies each year. Low Valley In 2002, only two companies entered the LED chip industry. The highest peak In 2009, only 7 companies entered the LED chip industry from January to August. The number of chip manufacturers increased from 3 in 1998 to 62 in August 2009.
Although enterprises entered the LED chip industry before 2000, the actual mass production of LED chip companies was after 2000. The enterprises established after 2007 have a large general investment quota and planned production capacity. Many of them are still in the construction period, and will be put into production in the next few years. After the release of their production capacity, the output of LED chips in mainland China will increase significantly. LED production capacity can be found in LEDinside related LED chip capacity research report.
By August 2009, 15 provinces/municipalities in mainland China had entered the LED chip industry. The number of enterprises in Guangdong and Fujian was significantly ahead of other regions. 10 in Guangdong accounted for 16.1%, and 8 in Fujian accounted for 12.9%. The number of LED chip companies in the provinces/municipalities where 7 national semiconductor lighting industrialization bases are located is 4 or more. A total of 41 LED chip companies in Guangdong, Fujian, Shanghai, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Liaoning provinces with 7 national semiconductor lighting industrialization bases account for 2/3 of the total number of LED chip companies. Shandong, Hubei, Zhejiang The number of LED chip companies is also more than four.
By August 2009, 31 cities in mainland China had entered the LED chip industry, and the overall distribution from the city was relatively scattered. The total number of LED chip companies in 7 national semiconductor lighting industrialization bases in Xiamen, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Dalian, Shijiazhuang, Nanchang and Yangzhou accounted for 40%. The number of other LED chip companies in Wuhan, Beijing and Dongguan is three or more, and it is also developing well.
Guangdong's 10 LED chip companies are mainly distributed in Shenzhen, Dongguan, Guangzhou and Jiangmen. They are Shenzhen Century Jingyuan, Shenzhen Fangda Guoke, Shenzhen Audelun, Shenzhen Dingyou, Dongguan Fudi, Dongguan Zhoulei, Dongguan Gao. Hui, Guangzhou Puguang, Guangzhou Jingke, Jiangmen Heshan Yinyu Lighting (Zhen Mingli). The number of LED chip companies in Guangdong is the largest in the country, but it does not leave the impression of the LED chip province in the market. It is the development direction to provide more high-quality chips to the market by taking advantage of the many LED packaging application companies in the Pearl River Delta.
Fujian's eight LED chip companies are mainly distributed in Xiamen, Quanzhou and Fuzhou, namely Xiamen Sanan, Xiamen Anmei, Xiamen Mingda, Xiamen Ganzhao, Xiamen Jingyu, Quanzhou Jinglan, Quanzhou Harmony and Fujian Fuike Branch. Fujian is the production base of China's LED chips. Xiamen Sanan, Xiamen Anmei, Xiamen Mingda, Xiamen Ganzhao, and Xiamen Jingyu have all been mass-produced. Fujian Fuike is mainly engaged in packaging in Fuzhou, and its chip factory is located in Beijing. Quanzhou Jinglan and Quanzhou Harmony all plan to invest 550 million US dollars in the LED industry base. Fujian will continue to play a leading role in the field of LED chips.
Typical enterprises in other regions include Nanchang Xinlei, Jiangxi Jingneng, Dalian Lumei, Shanghai Lanbao, Shanghai Dachen, Shanghai Blu-ray, Hebei Huineng, Hebei Lide, Hangzhou Silan Mingxin, Shandong Huaguang, Wuhan Di Source, Wuhan Huacan, etc.
Among the 62 LED chip companies, 29 of them accounted for 46%, 14 of them accounted for 23%, and 19 of them were 31%. A total of 34 foreign-funded and Sino-foreign joint ventures accounted for more than half of the total of 54%. Foreign capital and Sino-foreign joint ventures total 7 Guangdong, 6 Fujian, 3 in Jiangxi, 3 in Liaoning, 3 in Jiangsu, and the number of foreign-invested LED chip companies in these 5 provinces is 3 or more. province. It can also be seen that these areas are doing a good job in attracting investment from LED chip companies.
The number of LED chip companies in mainland China has grown to 62 in just a few years. In recent years, the number of companies entering the country has been 6 or more. In the first 8 months of 2009, it has entered 7 new companies, and there will be More companies are entering the LED chip industry. The market is showing a booming scene, indicating that the market is very optimistic about the prospects of the LED industry. The planned production capacity of these 62 LED chip companies is expected to exceed the output of 2008. If all of them are released, China will be the world's leading LED chip production base, but it is necessary for these companies to survive in the market. Breakthrough in quality and how to deal with intellectual property issues is a difficult problem in the future.
There are not many enterprises that are actually mass-produced in 62 LED chip companies in mainland China, and the epitaxial wafers mainly rely on Taiwan, the United States and other regions to import, and LED chip production is also more concentrated in low-power chips. Domestically, Wuhan Diyuan, Guangzhou Jingke, Xi'an Huaxin Lihua and other manufacturers focused on high-power chip production, but from the current situation, high-power chips mainly rely on imports.
At present, the local LED chip companies in mainland China have not exerted their capacity due to problems in technology and equipment. Except for a few of the capacity utilization such as Xiamen Sanan, Wuhan Huacan, Nanchang Xinlei, Dalian Lumei, etc., the capacity utilization rate of most enterprises has not been high. Foreign-funded enterprises are mostly Taiwanese and Hong Kong enterprises. Some enterprises have already mass-produced, and many of them are under construction or expansion. After mass production in the next year or two, they will directly increase the output of LED chips in mainland China. As the industry continues to mature, the actual production capacity of LED chips in mainland China will continue to ferment, and the boom in the LED industry will attract more companies to enter the LED chip industry.
LED lighting chip core equipment industrialization "difficult"
China's first and global fourth mass production LED lighting chip core equipment manufacturing project aimed at breaking the monopoly of foreign technology. On January 19, 2009, it was located in Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province. This means that the core equipment that restricts the bottleneck of China's LED lighting industry is expected to be localized. However, it is still time to consider whether it can be industrialized. However, the reality is that the exploration of the industrialization of chip core equipment in China in the early stage ended in failure.
However, China's epitaxial chip industry has developed rapidly, from several in 2000 to nearly 60 today. Businesses have a great demand for equipment and materials. In 2008 alone, domestically imported MOCVD was between 35 and 40 units, and it was mainly production equipment. In 2009, it is more optimistic to estimate that the number of MOCVD imports may reach 50-60 units.
There are many devices involved in the upstream, and it is also very important. It mainly includes MOVCVD, X-ray, AFM, CV/Hall, PL/EL, leak detection and baking equipment for epitaxial use, lithography, stripping, IC P/RIE, PECVD, E-beam evaporation for chip manufacturing. , sputtering, cleaning, drying, microscope, step meter, ellipsometer, grinding and polishing, dicing, chip testing, sorting, etc. The raw materials and auxiliary materials include MO source, ammonia gas, silane, phosphine, arsine, hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride gas and the like. The equipment required for the upstream of the LED is characterized by high price and long delivery time. For example, the MOCVD required for epitaxy, the production equipment is generally about 2 million US dollars, and the delivery time is generally 6-8 months. More than 90% of these upstream equipment mentioned above are imported, and the main components are also imported. Therefore, the proportion of equipment and raw materials in the LED industry has a high to low trend from upstream to downstream.
Currently in these two areas, the localization process is still very unsatisfactory, and key equipment is particularly weak. In the field of upstream materials, substrate materials and epitaxial materials are relatively backward. In recent years, great progress has been made, but problems in research and development and investment have not been fundamentally improved.
At the same time, the research and major applications of large-scale system integration technology are progressing smoothly. The product range and scale of application products are at the forefront of the world, and it has become the largest producer and exporter of LED full-color display, solar LED, landscape lighting and other application products. Tianjin FAW Xiali and Changzhou Xingyu have developed LED car headlights. In July 2008, Hisense’s first 42-inch ultra-thin LED-backlit LCD TV was launched. It has sold nearly 10,000 units, indicating 40% of world production. Chinese consumer electronics began to use LED technology on a large scale.
In summary, the current basic competition pattern of Chinese LED chip production is that the number of manufacturers is small, and the existing manufacturers' technology is biased towards the R&D and production of high-brightness chips, and the degree of competition of enterprises is still relatively low.
From the current stage, the main problems in the extension and chip industrialization are as follows: First, there are fewer core technologies with innovative and independent intellectual property rights, and it is difficult to compete with foreign counterparts. Second, high-performance LED chips and power LED chips are currently rare in China and still require a large amount of imports, which seriously restricts the development of the entire LED industry. Third, many research results at home and abroad, such as new technologies, new structures and new processes of chips, are difficult to promote and apply in enterprises. This may be an institutional problem. Fourth, the industrialization scale of domestic and foreign companies and chip companies is small, the research and development strength of enterprises is insufficient, the output is low, the product cost is high, and the competitiveness is lacking.
Can high-end applications force LED chip revitalization?
The Beijing Olympic Games is not only a competition for sports athletes and hard work in various countries, but also a stage for LED to showcase its own style and charm. The outstanding performance of LED in the opening performance, Olympic venues, landscape lighting, indoor and outdoor full-color display, etc., brought a shocking visual feast to the audience, which made people have a more intuitive, profound and new experience and awareness of LED. The application and promotion of LED will undoubtedly further accelerate. Experts predict that the 2010 Shanghai World Expo will become another milestone in LED applications, when China's LED industry will usher in a new development peak.
However, behind the dazzling and brilliant LED of the Beijing Olympic Games, there is a lack of China's upstream core technology in LED, which hides the hidden concerns of the industry. It is understood that the LED devices and lamps used in the Olympic Games are mainly packaged and produced by Chinese companies, but the most high-power chips in the value chain are basically imported from abroad. The Beijing Olympic Games has improved the level of LED applications, but it also reflects that China's LED products are mainly medium and low-end, lacking core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. High-performance LEDs and power LED products all depend on the dilemma of imports.
Although the production of LED epitaxial chips in China has made great progress and progress in recent years, it still stays at the middle and low level, and can not be applied to high-quality displays on a large scale, as well as high-end applications such as medium and large-size LCD backlights. High-end epitaxial chips used in high-efficiency, high-reliability LED applications rely almost entirely on imports, and high-efficiency power chips are currently not available from domestic manufacturers.
Peng Wanhua, secretary-general of the Optoelectronic Devices Branch of China Optical Optoelectronics Industry Association, said: From the current stage, the main problems in epitaxy and chip industrialization are: First, there are fewer core technologies with innovative and independent intellectual property rights. Compete with foreign counterparts. Second, high-performance LED chips and power LED chips are currently rare in China and still require a large amount of imports, which seriously restricts the development of the entire LED industry. Third, many research results at home and abroad, such as new technologies, new structures and new processes of chips, are difficult to promote and apply in enterprises. This may be an institutional problem. Fourth, the industrialization scale of domestic and foreign companies and chip companies is small, the research and development strength of enterprises is insufficient, the output is low, the product cost is high, and the competitiveness is lacking.
At present, China's governments at all levels are supporting the LED industry in a hot way, such as “urban lighting projectâ€, various demonstration projects, public inspection platforms, etc., which essentially benefit the middle and lower reaches of the industry, while the upstream chips receive The funds are not only small but also scattered. The objective reason is that the upstream chip has a large investment demand and high risk, while the investment demand in the middle and lower reaches is relatively small and it is easy to achieve the promotion effect quickly.
However, while paying attention to these demonstration projects, let us look at some of the behind-the-scenes:
Although there are some manufacturers in China that can provide low-power LED chips for display and backlight applications, in the face of huge lighting application market, no one in China can provide high-power LED chips that can be mass-produced. Although some local chip makers are trying to develop high-power LED chips, the R&D plan has been blocked or dismantled due to the financial crisis.
Due to the lack of high-end domestic chips, and the chips of Taiwanese foundries are not controlled by the five giants' patents, and the US threat to the "337" investigation of the LED industry, the domestic packaging and application manufacturers Only foreign chips can be selected. Due to monopoly, foreign chip manufacturers have always refused to lower the price of chips in order to maximize profits. For domestic packaging and application manufacturers, in order to maintain the low profit of products, they have to reduce other costs, resulting in Many packaging and application manufacturers have to shift their production bases from costly coastal cities, such as Shenzhen, to lower-cost inland areas. The migration of Shenzhen Fangda National Science to the Northeast is a testimony.
Even Dai Guoqiang, deputy director of the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said with emotion: "In the upstream, compared with the international giants, China is still in a weak situation, especially in the blockade of intellectual property, how do we respond to the future? The challenge: small enterprise scale, poor product reliability, lack of corporate brand, and high-end market will be a major issue that we must address in the next step in the development of the semiconductor lighting industry."
Perhaps, we believe more, "in terms of application is more worthy of our attention. As an emerging technology application field, its application market needs our application talents to guide and support, but in this respect, the company does not have enough strength and research. The institution has not given enough attention to it as an important direction, which is likely to be one of the biggest difficulties in our next development."
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