On the road of 5G commercialization, many communication giants are accelerating. Huawei is the biggest player in the 5G market in the domestic market. Ericsson is also keeping a close eye on 5G applications. At the end of this game, who is the last laughter? The winner, we will wait and see.
With the advancement of 5G standardization, commercial experimental exploration has increased. 2020 is considered to be the first year of commercialization of 5G. Prior to this, companies have rushed to seize the opportunity.
Recently, the Ericsson Mobile Market Report pointed out that 5G is expected to be deployed first in dense urban areas to support eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) services. The report predicts that by 2023, 5G technology will cover more than 20% of the global population, when the number of 5G users will exceed 1 billion.
Since the first generation of analog cellular mobile communication technology applications in the 1990s, the communications industry has undergone four generations of important technological changes. Operators use the technology's intergenerational titles 2G, 3G, and 4G to promote their business, so users are familiar with these technical terms.
Enterprises in the industrial chain of the mobile communications industry include equipment manufacturers represented by Ericsson, ZTE, Huawei, and Samsung; operators such as AT&T and China Mobile; and terminal equipment manufacturers such as Apple, Xiaomi, and Huawei. Different from the 4G era, 5G needs to realize the mobile interconnection of things and objects, devices and devices, so the terminal devices also include automobiles, wearable devices, and various types of electronic devices.
Among them, Ericsson and operators, as well as smart manufacturing, medical and other fields to carry out 5G cooperation. At the same time, Ericsson also faces competition from Huawei, ZTE and Nokia. For example, Samsung and Huawei are typical amphibious combat enterprises, producing server communication equipment and various terminal equipment, and also participating in the development of 5G standards.
Ericsson explores 5G applicationsEnhancing mobile broadband, high reliability, and low latency are the three key features of 5G. Although there is still a long time to go from 5G commercial use, the upgrade features bring a lot of imagination to the industry, and equipment vendors are already gearing up. However, before the real arrival of 5G, it is still difficult to determine in which field the killer application will appear.
Zhang Zhiwei, chief market officer of Ericsson's Northeast Asia region, told 21st Century Business Herald that the first complete 5G standard will be officially launched in June 2018, which will lay the foundation for the large-scale application of 5G, and mature after June. Large-scale commercial platforms will also emerge. "According to Ericsson's survey, it is estimated that by 2026, the economic scale of 5G technology in China will reach 158.9 billion US dollars. Many industries will benefit from 5G, important areas include energy industry, smart manufacturing, public safety, medical care, Cars, media entertainment, etc."
Take Ericsson as an example, it has been explored in four major application directions. Zhang Zhiwei said that one of them is the cooperation between Ericsson and SCANIA, one of the world's three major heavy truck manufacturers. Due to safety restrictions, the safety distance between the car and the car is more than 25 meters. Through the low delay and high reliability connection of 5G, the car and the car can maintain close communication, and the 5G can realize the car and the car. The distance between the two is shortened from 25 meters to 3 meters. Zhang Zhiwei further explained: "It's actions such as acceleration, braking and other signals will be transmitted back to the rear car, the front car accelerates, the rear car automatically accelerates, the front car brakes, the rear car automatic brakes, the formation type high-speed reaction and operation. The truck is During the driving process, if the delay can be reduced from tens, hundreds of milliseconds to a few milliseconds, these high-speed communication will achieve almost simultaneous reaction between the car and the car to ensure safety. We are now testing 3 car group, follow-up There will be more exploration."
Ericsson's Guangzhou R&D Center is focused on developing vehicle networking solutions. Li Pengfei, general manager of Ericsson Guangzhou R&D Center, told 21st Century Business Herald: "Ericsson Guangzhou R&D Center first proposed the concept of Che Lianyun from 2011 to 2012. At that time, it was car and infotainment. Geely and SCANIA used us. The car-linked cloud solution. So far, the application of our car-linked solution is growing at a rate of 40,000 vehicles per month."
The second exploration is remote industrial control. Ericsson teamed up with ABB and Volvo to collaborate on an unmanned mining vehicle project in a mine in northern Sweden. The use of 5G technology can achieve the control of unmanned mining vehicles on the mine, thereby reducing manpower and improving mining efficiency. In addition, Zhang Meng, director of industry marketing for Ericsson's Northeast Asia region, said that Ericsson and FAW are working together in a specific area of ​​a completely unmanned program that can be applied to mining areas, ports, and park construction.
Telemedicine is the third exploration, and Ericsson and King's College London have jointly developed remote surgery in 5G scenes. The fourth exploration is related to smart manufacturing. The Nanjing Ericsson factory has started experimenting with a screwdriver. Zhang Zhiwei said: "This is the simplest industrial control case for massive IoT. The precision screwdriver needs to stop every 3,000 times. Maintenance, previously relied on people, can now be automated through information technology. Further advanced is the automated management of materials, followed by assembly, production line, low latency, high reliability of the Internet of Things can make the entire industry chain Get a complete transformation, so smart manufacturing is also the focus of the next 5G application."
In addition, the first phase of the 5G standard (3GPP R15) was completed by 3GPP at the end of 2017 to ensure that large-scale trials and deployments can begin in 2019. However, verification of certain features of 5G has made some progress, enough to provide gigabit speed in the live network. It is expected that 5G technology and services will be displayed in upcoming major sports events (such as the 2018 Korea Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, the 2018 International Football Championships in Russia and the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics).
Who will laugh at the end?As far as the domestic market is concerned, Huawei is also the biggest player in the 5G market. The strength of the established communication equipment business is strong, and the mobile terminal is also growing rapidly. Because of its ability to have a complete chain, Huawei's 5G commercial system is full-stack, including terminals, base stations, core networks, and transmission. For example, at the wireless physical layer conference of the international wireless standardization organization 3GPP at the end of last year, the PolarCode (Polarization Code) scheme promoted by China beat Qualcomm's LDPC scheme and became the 5G control channel eMBB scene coding scheme. LDPC becomes the coding scheme for the data channel. The channel codec belongs to the physical layer technology in the basic communication framework. The main technical basis of the enhanced mobile broadband eMBB, one of the three major technical features of 5G, is channel coding, and PolarCode plays a key role in transmission. Huawei's victory over Qualcomm this time has a flagship significance for China's position in the field of international communications.
From the perspective of performance, Huawei is expanding rapidly, and Ericsson is slimming down. However, in the 5G layout, each company is in the preliminary stage of submission.
Every generation of communication technology is accompanied by the rise and fall of a generation of business empire, the industry is evergreen and the century-old store is very abnormal. The 2G era is the world of Nokia and Ericsson. At that time, the European GSM communication system unified standard was officially commercialized, and Sweden's Ericsson and Finland's Nokia began to enter the global market. Perhaps the demand for wireless communication, coupled with the Nordic industrial innovation capability, Nokia completely defeated the strategically wrong Motorola at the beginning of this century and officially became the dominant player in the communications industry.
In 1996, the Geneva-based International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposed the IMT-2000 standard, which required communication technologies that met IMT-2000 requirements to be accepted as 3G technology. It is worth mentioning that China's telecommunications industry expert Zhao Houlin was elected as the new Secretary-General of the International Telecommunication Union in 2014 and became the first Chinese Secretary-General in the 150-year history of the International Telecommunication Union for a four-year term. This also proves that China's telecommunications development has occupied a pivotal position in the international arena.
The ITU has played an active role in promoting the development of the 3G standard, and the specific technical standards are completed by the 3GPP and 3GPP2 standards organizations according to the ITU recommendations. At present, European ETSI, American TIA, Japanese TTC, ARIB, Korean TTA and China CCSA constitute 6 organizational partners of 3GPP.
In view of the 4G standard for each operator in the 4G era, 3GPP has developed and promoted the 5G standard in advance: it is necessary to increase the rate and reduce the delay, including the 5G network user experience transmission rate must meet at least 100Mbps (12.5M/s) download speed, 50Mbps (6.25M / s) upload speed, network delay time can not exceed 4 milliseconds, and can maintain a stable network connection on high-speed trains with a speed of 500 kilometers per hour. The foundation of the network speed in the 5G era was laid. All major companies have added to this foundation. Ericsson's 5G test results are 5Gbps per second, and Huawei proposes to reach 10Gbps. The peak of the 5G network reported by the media, the ability to download a 1G movie in one second is also based on such an expectation. Actually, how much the network speed can be achieved depends on the commercialization of the subsequent operators.
One of the main limiting factors of communication speed is the frequency of electromagnetic waves. The higher the frequency, the faster the speed. In the 4G phase, the frequency of electromagnetic waves of Chinese operators is mainly concentrated in 2GHz-3GHz. In the 5G phase, international companies currently use 28GHz for commercial testing. On the other hand, due to the increase of the frequency, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is shorter. In practice, it is necessary to cover the signal of the same area. 5G adds a large number of base stations than 4G, which means greater infrastructure investment. It can be said that The commercialization of 5G, the cost of signal coverage is the biggest problem.
At the same time, indoor signal coverage also requires the addition of more indoor base stations. Zhang Zhiwei said: "The challenge of 5G is indoors. Even if it is a 1:1 station, 5G may not be able to enter. This is a huge challenge."
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