Tesla and SpaceX CEO Alan Musk said when talking about the rise of artificial intelligence "I think we should take a very cautious approach to artificial intelligence. If I have to guess what our biggest survival threat is, then it is very It may be artificial intelligence. So, we need to be very cautious. I am more and more inclined to think that there should be some regulatory oversight, perhaps at the national and international level, just to make sure we don't do something very stupid. â€
Since science fiction has touted it as the greatest innovation ever, artificial intelligence has entered the public realm. However, its history is much lower-key.
First, the small beginning: artificial intelligence from scratch
In 1950, discussions around artificial intelligence (AI) were considered a "missing link" between human intelligence and machines. It was not until the first electronic computer was born in 1946 that this discussion and debate took place ten years after the computer had storage capacity in 1949. Computer scientists were very interested in this idea at the time, and the same level of forward thinking has been inspiring generations.
Norbert Wiener, a mathematician and philosopher, put forward the idea of ​​artificial intelligence and became one of the first people to come up with the theory that all intelligent behavior is the result of a feedback mechanism. For example, if I teach you something, my feedback on your learning will make you smart.
This applies to almost all human activities, whether it's sewing work or making a mobile phone. It is said that Norbert is one of the inspirations of computer scientists Alan Newell, Herbert Simon and Cliff Shaw. They designed the first artificial intelligence program called "Logical Theorist" (1955-56). .
However, the first person to propose the term "artificial intelligence" was John McCarthy, who was also touted as the father of artificial intelligence. In 1956, he organized a conference called "Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence" and invited talented programmers and designers to participate in the study.
After the success of the AI-inspired Dartmouth project, other universities have begun to pay attention to this issue, and MIT, Keele University, the University of Michigan and other universities have accelerated the research process. Since everyone wants to crack the password of "artificial intelligence", other Ivy League schools have begun to set up research centers.
The reason is simple. Artificial intelligence will help create systems that solve problems more effectively, as well as the construction of systems that can learn on their own. As a result, computer scientists began to design a software that combines these two factors to form a coherent machine, which heralds a breakthrough in the next artificial intelligence field.
In the 1950s, Alan Turing also played an important role in machine theorization. In his important paper "Machine and Intelligence" published in 1950, he believed that machines can "think" and play chess like humans. The concept of artificial intelligence is gradually becoming a mainstream phenomenon.
Then, in the 1990s, the topic of artificial intelligence appeared again. This technology finally met the requirements of the field, people began to develop machine learning and algorithms, these algorithms can be self-learning at a very basic level. Artificial intelligence has once again become the focus of attention as researchers, scientists and large technology giants begin to break through their boundaries.
True artificial intelligence captures the imagination of the world and even enters popular culture. Even mainstream movies have begun to join this element. The robot that took over the earth began to become a huge cultural movement.
In 1995, inventor Richard Wallace developed the chat robot ALICE (Artificial Language Internet Computer Entity), which added natural language and extracted thousands of data points to create a similar Artificial intelligence machine. This is a beautifully designed model, and AILICE shows a simple initial life feature.
Two years later, the computer "Deep Blue" used artificial intelligence to defeat the chess champion Gary Kasparov in the game. This is a watershed moment in the field of artificial intelligence and research. As developers create better models and more functional machines, there will be more progress in the field of artificial intelligence.
Does anyone remember Philby? This is a great toy that has set off a storm in the United States with artificial intelligence that can help identify problems and respond accordingly. This happened in 1998, and at this point, artificial intelligence got more attention.
In 2000, Honda created the “Asimo†robot, which can display certain functions similar to humans and has a basic level of intelligence. This is an entity that is almost similar to humans and is one of the first technologies to appear or mimic human interaction.
In the second year, Steven Spielberg launched a film called Artificial Intelligence, which tells the story of a boy who is programmed to experience human emotions. This is one of the first examples of artificial intelligence entering popular culture, and audiences around the world suddenly realized that technology is entering their home.
After the tech bubble burst and the market fell into madness at the dawn of the millennium, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched a global challenge in 2004 to create a 150-mile stretch in the desert. Automatic robot. This has created another intensive agent for artificial intelligence games, and more and more people are interested in developing technologies related to artificial intelligence. However, this technology is time consuming and labor intensive and requires a lot of hardware, but it has little effect. Despite this, there are still some people who are optimistic about the future of artificial intelligence and its potential.
"Artificial intelligence will reach the level of human intelligence around 2029. Further, for example, in 2045, we will double the intelligence of human biological machines created by human civilization, perhaps a billion times." - Ray Co. Zweier (writer and founder, Singularity University)
However, geniuses like Stephen Hawking openly oppose artificial intelligence and oppose it into the real world. He once said, "The development of complete artificial intelligence may mean the end of humanity. It will be out of control and redesign itself at a faster and faster pace. Human beings are limited by slow biological evolution and cannot compete with it. Replaced by artificial intelligence."
Second, today's artificial intelligence world
Today, every technology company is determined to bring artificial intelligence to the mainstream as soon as possible. Google’s Larry Page is optimistic about the technology and wants to commercialize it. He said before, "Artificial intelligence will be the final version of Google. The final version of the search engine can understand everything on the network. It will know exactly what you want, it will give you the right choice. We are away from this day It’s still far away. However, we can gradually work in this direction, which is basically what we are doing.â€
People like Alan Musk are more wary of the dangers behind artificial intelligence, and they can't imagine how an automated robot can handle all the work without problems.
Musk said: "Artificial intelligence (I don't mean narrow-minded artificial intelligence) is growing very fast. Unless you have direct contact with a company like DeepMind, you don't know how fast it develops, it is close to the index. The speed is growing. From less than five years to ten years, there is a risk of extremely dangerous things happening."
At present, artificial intelligence has just entered the early stages of development, and small companies and departments are producing large-scale products that benefit consumers. Companies such as Facebook, Google, and Apple have begun to use artificial intelligence to some degree to ensure that users get a better experience when using their devices.
Even the government has weighed this issue. Former US President Barack Obama mentioned artificial intelligence in an interview after assessing the pros and cons. He said: "We have seen specialized artificial intelligence in all aspects of life, from medicine to transportation to power distribution. It promises to create a more efficient and efficient economy... but it also has some shortcomings, we must Find a solution without layoffs. It may exacerbate inequality. It may also drive down wages."
The motivation of human work may change forever. We need to take great responsibility and think about how to train millions of people who are taken away by artificial intelligence, because their work can be done more efficiently with only artificial intelligence.
Wipro's chief technology officer KR Sanger believes that companies are rapidly investing in artificial intelligence so they won't be left behind when the next big wave hits the world. He said: "So, like all the novelty and strange things, the general view is that the risk of being left behind is far greater than the benefits of conservative wait-and-see, but it is also much more terrible."
Third, artificial intelligence with emotions - will this be the future?
In terms of the quality of artificial intelligence and social acceptance, significant progress has been made only in 2017. From Saudi Arabia, robotic “citizenship†is being provided, and more and more people and authorities are allowing artificial intelligence to be integrated into everyday life. But where does this road lead?
Even if the forecast predicts, no one really knows the future development of artificial intelligence, we still do not have a comprehensive artificial intelligence technology company. Many will try to stop the revolution, and some will profit from their opportunities.
Most scientists and researchers say that although some public hardware such as Google's Waymo and Roadsters embed natural artificial intelligence in software to further promote the technology, the real Artificial intelligence (a robot that is as smart as a human) may take decades.
Although some people may oppose this technology, not everyone agrees with the concept of "pessimism and bad luck." Bill Gates once said, "The so-called control problem that Allen is worried about is not something that people should feel imminent. We should not panic about it." Despite recent setbacks, Mark Zuckerberg agreed An idea, and hope to invest heavily in the field of artificial intelligence in the future.
The 2045 Institute, founded by Russian billionaire Dmitry Izkov, is working with researchers and companies to create the next artificial intelligence revolution. Demetri said: "I am 100% convinced that this revolution will come. Otherwise, I will not start. The 2045 project hopes to have an "incarnation" that allows humans to control robots through the brain by 2020."
Sounds so good to be unbelievable? Who knows, the future may be in sight.
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