Part V: Unmanned Submersible Research Report
(four)
Unmanned submersible
Key technology of underwater combat platform
At present, all countries in the world are actively developing underwater unmanned platform technology. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology and communication technology, the introduction of these high-tech technologies in the field of underwater unmanned platforms has greatly promoted the development of unmanned platforms in the water. process. The unmanned platform in the water is the main carrier of the unmanned combat platform in the water, and its development determines the technical level of the underwater combat platform. The development of unmanned platforms in the water is a multi-disciplinary problem. From its overall framework to its hardware and equipment, to its supporting software technology, it needs corresponding science and technology to support it. The following is an analysis of the key technologies needed to develop an unmanned combat platform in the water.
(1) Task module technology
The purpose of developing an unmanned combat platform in water is to use it to perform a variety of tasks, and its mission determines its purpose and function. If you build a dedicated unmanned combat platform for a simple task, it would be a waste of resources. If you classify various tasks and then build corresponding task modules according to the needs of the tasks, these modules can perform different tasks in different tasks and freely disassemble them on the platform, which will greatly improve the unmanned combat platform. Versatility while reducing overall construction costs.
The development of task module technology begins with the design of the structure of the carrier and establishes a standard for the entire modular system. The overall structure should be suitable for the replacement of the module, and also should be suitable for the basic structural requirements of the navigation body, such as the pressure requirements of the overall structure, watertight performance, load and other basic conditions must be met. And as much as possible, use standardized interfaces in the entire structure to facilitate access to other devices and modules. The equipment in the module should use a device with good compatibility, which is beneficial to the replacement of the new device, and the scalability is also better.
(2) Highly intelligent
Due to the complexity and unpredictability of the underwater working environment, the underwater combat platform system should continuously improve and improve its own intelligent architecture, strengthen the system's ability to cope with change, and enhance the system's ability to learn independently. The combat platform has better autonomy and adaptability. The autonomy and adaptability of the unmanned combat platform in the water is mainly determined by the system's artificial intelligence technology, integrated control technology and the performance of the software system. At present, artificial intelligence technology is mainly artificial neural network technology and symbol-based reasoning technology. Both technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, combining the two technologies to develop and utilize can improve the learning and adaptability of the system. For system software design and system integration control, many countries are conducting research and development, mainly focusing on the following aspects: fusion and identification of multi-sensor information, software architecture with good compatibility, closed-loop motion control technology for submersibles, etc. Wait.
(3) Power promotion and energy development
The current working range of unmanned combat platforms in water is greatly affected by power energy. The endurance determines the scope of their work, and the efficiency of energy determines their dynamic performance. The current speed of unmanned combat platforms is generally low, generally within 10 knots, and the working range is relatively small, and the working time is short, which is limited by the dynamic performance. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the capabilities of unmanned combat platforms and improve their dynamic performance. At present, the energy of most unmanned platforms in water is mainly: silver-zinc batteries, lithium batteries, alkaline batteries, aluminum-oxygen semi-fuel cells, etc. Although these batteries are widely used, they all have certain deficiencies. In order to improve the endurance of unmanned combat platforms, new energy sources with higher power generation efficiency, higher cost-effectiveness, and reusability should be developed to improve their dynamic performance.
(4) Navigation and positioning technology
The detection and navigation equipment on the unmanned combat platform in the water is the "eye" of the platform. The platform relies entirely on the information collected by the detection and navigation equipment for navigation and positioning when working in the water. Navigation technology plays a crucial role in the ability of unmanned combat platforms to navigate to designated locations for operations and to perform assigned tasks. At present, navigation devices for unmanned combat platforms in water mainly include inertial navigation systems, GPS systems, and Doppler speed meters. At present, the unmanned combat platform in the water adopts a multi-technology combination navigation method, that is, the GPS positioning system is combined with the underwater acoustic wave positioning method for positioning, and the inertial navigation system, the Doppler speedometer, the Kalman filter, and the like are utilized. Navigate with sonar and image data captured by the camera. However, there are still some shortcomings in data fusion of various devices, and it is necessary to continue to improve. At the same time, some countries are developing new navigation technologies, such as submarine terrain matching navigation and gravity magnetic navigation technology, which are new directions for developing navigation technology.
(5) Communication technology
The communication of unmanned combat platforms in the water is the main way of information exchange between multiple platforms. At present, the communication methods of underwater unmanned combat platforms mainly include underwater acoustic communication and optical fiber cable communication. Among them, optical fiber cable communication belongs to wired communication, which uses cable and optical cable as transmission medium to transmit information. It is characterized by transmitting signals. Fast and reliable, but the need for fiber optic cables and cables to connect two work units, which limits the scope and flexibility of the platform in the water; underwater acoustic communication is a wireless communication method, and its working distance depends on the equipment used. Carrier frequency and transmission power, its transmission speed is relatively low, the distance of transmitting information is also very limited, and underwater acoustic communication is also greatly affected by the environment. The study of underwater acoustic communication is currently the focus of development in various countries. They mainly focus on the research of high-speed underwater sound transmission, long-distance transmission technology and transmission security. At present, the United States has also successfully developed the use of lasers for communication in water. The main use of blue-green lasers is to communicate with underwater submersibles of about 100 meters in depth through airborne units, but there is still a certain distance from the application to the underwater combat platform. distance.
(6) Deployment and recycling technology
The deployment and recycling of unmanned combat platforms in the water is also a technology that cannot be ignored in the study of underwater platforms. At present, the unmanned combat platform in the water mostly adopts the technology of submarine deployment, which can not only expand the range of activities of the unmanned combat platform in the water, but also maintain its concealment. Countries have relatively few studies on the design and recovery methods of recovery devices for underwater platforms, and progress has been slow. The United States has conducted a lot of research in this area and conducted a series of experiments.
For example, in the "São Paulo-Minneapolis" (SSN-708) attack-type nuclear submarine in 2005, the AN/BLQ-11 mine detection system was installed, and the deployment and recovery experiments were carried out in the developed sea area, and it was successful. Solving the problem of deployment and recycling of unmanned combat platforms will greatly improve the efficiency of UUV use.
(7) Platform cooperation technology
The multi-water unmanned combat platform collaborative combat technology emerged as a new application method for unmanned platforms, which has received much attention from many countries. Multi-unmanned combat platforms work together to accomplish tasks that are more reliable and faster, but that are difficult to accomplish on the platform. The collaborative work of multiple platforms involves communication interactions, information fusion, collaborative control, etc. between various platforms. The following key technologies are analyzed.
1. Architecture issues with multi-platform systems
The structure of a system composed of multiple underwater unmanned platforms is very complicated. It is not only to simply assemble multiple platforms to form a whole, but to establish a reasonable and effective system architecture so that each platform can fully utilize them. The respective performances make the sum of the overall performance of the system greater than the sum of the performance of each platform. Choosing the right architecture is the premise of studying the whole unmanned platform system. Its structural framework and control mechanism determine the composition and function of the whole system and are the basis of the whole system. The structure research of multi-platform system mainly includes two aspects: one is the structure of a single platform in the system, but the organizational structure among multiple platforms. These two aspects are also the two main directions for future research on multi-platform systems.
2. Sensor management technology
Multiple underwater unmanned combat platforms can carry a variety of different sensors, and multiple sensors can be used to detect when collaboratively performing tasks, and then the information collected by each sensor can be integrated to obtain more and more comprehensive detection information. So how to coordinate the management of these sensors and make full use of the information resources they collect is a key technology to study multi-platform collaborative work. When multiple platforms work together, the communication network can be used to share the information collected by each sensor to each unit in the network, which can expand the detection range of the entire system and improve the observation capability of each platform. The rational allocation and management of these sensors will greatly enhance the operational capabilities of the entire multi-unat platform system. Sensor management includes space management, time management, and pattern management. For the management of the sensor, the task of the sensor is reasonably planned according to the task of the operation, that is, the assignment of the sensor and the assignment of the task are determined according to the content of the task; then the control commands are used to guide each sensor to complete the task.
3. Underwater communication network technology
The underwater acoustic communication network technology is the key technology for the construction of the entire unmanned platform system in multiple waters, and it is also the main direction of research in many institutions. Whether a multi-water unmanned combat platform can successfully form a coordinated combat system and whether it can successfully complete a given mission depends on whether it has a good underwater acoustic communication network technology. Due to the complex and varied underwater environment, underwater communication is subject to many restrictions. The transmission distance, transmission efficiency and reliability of underwater acoustic communication, which is the main means of underwater communication, are affected by the underwater environment. Therefore, a well-designed communication scheme and a reasonable underwater network structure are all incompatible with underwater acoustic communication. The necessary method. These issues require further research.
4. Intelligent coordination and control technology
When a multi-water unmanned combat platform performs tasks together, how to manage multiple units and how to coordinate work between multiple units requires effective coordination and control techniques. The management of these collaborative units involves the assignment of tasks, solutions to resource conflicts, coordinated control solutions, etc. A reasonable solution to these problems will enable the overall system resources to be properly configured and coordinated between the various units. The performance has been greatly improved.
The purpose of researching intelligent coordination and control technology in the entire multi-platform system is to enable multiple platforms to be combined into one whole, in which coordination work can be coordinated. The need for multiple unmanned platforms to work together smoothly is a clear way of organizing, and the proper operation of movement and work in a coordinated manner is required. Only by solving these two basic points can we truly improve the level of coordination and control technology of multi-platform systems.
5. Multi-underwater platform data fusion technology
The most obvious advantage of the multi-water unmanned platform combat system is the ability to share the information of sensors from multiple platforms to the various units in the entire system, making the battlefield more transparent. How to integrate the information shared by multiple combat platforms to form information data that can be recognized by each platform is a problem that must be solved to realize information sharing. This problem involves the consistency of data description, multi-data fusion technology, computer database technology and information filtering technology, which are the key to solve this problem. For homogeneous systems, they use the same detection device, which is easier to solve on this problem; however, for heterogeneous systems, the structure of multiple platforms in the system is different, and the information patterns collected by the devices used are It is also different how to combine the data information of multiple modes to form data that can be recognized by all platforms is a problem that must be solved. At the same time, the underwater special environment also creates a lot of trouble for data transmission in the water, which has become a great difficulty for data fusion of multiple underwater unmanned combat platforms.
Source: "Weapons and Equipment Research Selected" International Defense Science and Technology Series (2015, No. 5, No. 15) The Management Research Center of China Electronics Science Research Institute compiled / picture from the original report or the Internet.
Part I: US Aircraft Research Report
Part II: Foreign AWACS Research Report
Foreign AWACS Research Report (1): Development History + Early Warning Aircraft Map
Foreign AWACS Research Report (II): US E-3 Series "Wanglou" Early Warning Aircraft
Part III: Drone Research Report
1-13
Part IV: Research Report on Unmanned Sea Ships
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