The ultra-high-brightness and white-light LED industry chain is in the initial stage of ultra-high brightness and white LED industry. In recent years, it has developed very rapidly. It has made great breakthroughs in terms of technology or product industrialization. According to reports, white LEDs with luminous efficiencies of 120 lm/w have been reported. The ultra-high-brightness LED market was 1.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2001. In 2002, the market was about 1.6 billion U.S. dollars. The world’s major developed countries and related major companies have invested heavily. And manpower, strive to achieve industrialization of semiconductor white light lighting in recent years. The domestic LED industry is also in a stage of rapid development. With the further implementation of China's reform and opening up policy, more and more companies are investing in LEDs in China, which will play a positive role in promoting the development of China's LED industry. We must be very good. Take advantage of these advantages. After several years of development, China is likely to become one of the bases of the world LED industry.
The development of the domestic LED industry began in the 1970s. In the early days, research was carried out by several universities and research institutes such as the Changchun Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Physics Department of Xiamen University, the 13th Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, and Zhejiang University. The Ministry will focus on supporting several key enterprises such as 476 Factory (Nanchang), Suzhou Semiconductor Factory and Changchun Semiconductor Factory. These units mainly use Gap and GaAlAs materials, and carry out gas phase and liquid phase epitaxial growth, chip manufacturing and post-process epoxy encapsulation. They have made Gap-based red, orange, yellow and green LEDs and developed GaAlAs. High brightness red and orange LEDs. In the application of the development of various displays, can basically meet the requirements of domestic instruments | meters, equipment and various displays, especially in the screen display, do a lot of work to expand the application, develop a variety of large, medium and small screens Display, these products can meet the various screen requirements for different requirements, and gradually form a strong team. In terms of infrared LED, there are 13th units of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shanghai Metallurgical Institute, and 44th unit of China Electronics Technology Group Co., Ltd., mainly researching and developing GaAs and GaAlAs materials, and developing various near-infrared LEDs. And have achieved a lot of research results, have reached the level of industrialization.
After more than ten years of hard work, the company has formed an annual production capacity of 3 billion ordinary LED chips (mainly Nanchang Xinlei Company), and has formed an industrial chain of ordinary LED products in post-process packaging, LED applications and supporting. Since the 1990s, due to the emergence of AlGaInp red, orange, yellow ultra-high brightness LEDs and GaN-based blue LEDs, more universities and research institutes in China have joined the ranks of research and development, especially in recent years. Enterprises have invested in ultra-high brightness and white LED industry, and gradually formed the current development. According to preliminary understanding, more than 400 units engaged in the LED industry in China (excluding foreign companies) have more than 50,000 employees, including more than 5,000 technicians. In 2002, the output of LED exceeded 15 billion, and the output value exceeded 8 billion yuan. In 2003, the output value of LED exceeded 10 billion yuan, and the output was about 20 billion. Among them, there are billions of ultra-high brightness LEDs. In recent years, the development speed of LED has exceeded 30%, and the development speed of ultra-high brightness LED has exceeded 50%.
Since China's reform and opening up, many overseas LED companies have invested in China. It is estimated that there are more than 100 LED-related enterprises, which have greatly promoted the development of China's LED industry. Their participation has also made the competition in this industry more intense, thus accelerating the development of the LED industry. With the further implementation of China's reform and opening up policy, the manufacturing part of the world LED industry is likely to invest heavily in China in the next few years, especially in Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions, and it is more likely to invest heavily in China's LED industry. China's LED industry's own rapid development, China may become one of the major bases of the world's LED industry.
Ultra-high brightness LED mainly refers to AlGaInp red, orange, yellow LED, GaN-based blue, green, purple and ultraviolet LED. In the 1990s, some universities and research institutions in China have invested in these fields for research and development, and Enterprise cooperation and industrialization work have achieved gratifying results. So far, the red, orange and yellow chips of the domestic quaternary AlGaInp have been mass-produced. It is estimated that 800-100 million pieces can be supplied every year. GaN-based blue and green chips can be produced in small batches, and it is estimated that 300 million can be provided every year. Only the left and right, white LED (low power) package products have been mass-produced, the chip is mainly imported, with an estimated annual output of about 500 million to 800 million.
Preliminary progress in super-highlight and white LED pre-process
In the 1990s, international research on quaternary AlGaInp and GaN-based systems achieved ultra-high-brightness LEDs. At the same time, some universities and research institutions in China also invested in research and development in this field. In universities, research institutes and enterprises, the form of cooperation is a combination of production, study and research, as well as the transfer of scientific and technological achievements. After years of hard work, we have achieved many gratifying results.
Quaternary AlGaInp Ultra High Brightness LED
In the early stage of research and development, there are 13 units, Shandong University, Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc., which have made breakthroughs in material extension, and at the same time developed red, orange and yellow ultra-high brightness LED chips, which have passed the appraisal of relevant departments and Enterprises cooperate to carry out industrialization work. Then, Shandong Huaguang Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., 13 companies, and Xiamen Sanan Company made progress in the industrialization of material epitaxy and chip manufacturing, and were able to supply red, orange and yellow ultra-high brightness LED epitaxial wafers and chips in batches. In terms of chip manufacturing, many companies such as Shanghai Dachen Company, Nanchang Xinlei Company and Shenzhen Puguang Company are able to provide ultra-high brightness AlGaInp red, orange and yellow LED chips in batches.
As far as the quaternary AlGaInp red, orange and yellow LED chips currently available in China are concerned, the total output is too small, and it is far from meeting the market demand. At present, most of these chips are still imported. In addition, domestic enterprises are still unable to provide high-end chips with large transmission power, and the consistency of chip parameters, anti-light decay, reliability indicators, etc. need to be further improved.
GaN-based blue, green LED
In terms of GaN-based blue and green LEDs, early research and development projects include Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nanchang University, Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Physics Institute. Due to the better conditions of these universities and research institutions, the senior talents are relatively concentrated. After their efforts, GaN-based blue LED chips have been developed. Some units have also developed GaN-based green and ultraviolet LED chips, and have passed relevant departments. Identification. These research institutions then combine or transfer scientific research results with enterprises and gradually carry out industrialization. Peking University and Shanghai related parties established the Shanghai Peking University Blu-ray Company. Tsinghua University and Shandong related parties cooperated to establish Shandong Yingkelai Company. The Institute of Physics cooperated with relevant units to establish Shanghai Lanbao Company. The Institute of Semiconductors and Nanchang University respectively transferred the scientific research results to the company. Shenzhen Fangda Company, Xiamen Sanan Company negotiated cooperation with a US company, and Dalian Luming Technology Co., Ltd. cooperated with American AXT Company to form a new company.
Some units have also developed white LEDs on the basis of the above, and have achieved good research results. These companies are currently able to provide GaN-based blue and green LED chips in small quantities. They are gradually solving various technical, process and management problems that arise during the industrialization of blue and green LEDs. In addition, they are all looking for cooperation partners, hoping to increase capital investment and expand the scale of industrialization. I believe that they will soon provide blue, green and ultraviolet LED chips in batches to contribute to the cause of white light lighting in China.
At present, the domestic GaN-based blue and green LEDs still have the following problems: the chips are not available in batches, the high-power chips have not yet broken through, and the chip's parameter consistency, anti-light decay and reliability indicators need to be further improved.
Basic research and development In addition to the above mentioned units, there are many units that have done a lot of basic research work on III-V semiconductor compound materials, such as Nanjing University, South China Normal University, Fudan University, Zhejiang University, Xiamen University, Xi'an Jiaotong University and the 55th unit of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation have made many achievements and published many papers, some of which have applied for patents, which will greatly promote the development of AlGaInp and GaN-based ultra-high brightness LEDs. It is also known that there are currently 6 to 8 units, namely universities, research institutes and cooperative enterprises, which are developing high-power LED chips. They have developed LED devices with a power of 1 watt to several watts. Chip and packaging technologies, etc., and will be sampled in the near future, which will accelerate the development of white light illumination.
Ultra-bright and white LED LED process has potential for development The post-process packaging capability of domestic LED products should be said to be very strong. According to preliminary understanding, there are more than 300 LED packaging factories in China, many of which are private enterprises, which are small in scale and relatively concentrated in distribution. For example, in the Pearl River Delta area, there are more than 100 LED packaging factories, and the overall packaging capacity exceeds 20 billion per year. only. Domestic ultra-high brightness and white LEDs, the number of packages in 2003 is estimated to be about 5 billion, its growth rate is more than 50%, LED processing exports are also a lot, at least billions of exports per year.
Post-process packaging situation The domestic LED package has strong capabilities, and the package is also full. It can package LED display devices of various external dimensions and colors, including various single-tube, composite pipe, digital display, special display, and backlight. And SMD devices, etc. Most companies can package AlGaInp ultra-bright red, orange, and yellow LEDs. For GaN-based blue, green, and white LEDs that require some investment and technical support, only some of the more powerful companies can package them. In general, white light LED packaging technology needs to be improved.
From the perspective of the size of the packaging enterprise, many packaging companies invest less, and the scale is small, mainly based on manual equipment. The quality and consistency of the packaged LEDs is poor. The post-process packaging enterprise with certain strength has more investment and has a certain scale. It is generally equipped with automatic loading machine, automatic pressure welding machine, fully automatic packaging equipment, automatic testing equipment, and several other SMD complete sets. Automatic packaging equipment, LED products packaged by these enterprises with high quality, consistency and reliability, is the main force of domestic packaging companies.
Domestically strong companies include: Foshan Optoelectronics, Xiamen Hualian, Ningbo Aimeida, Huizhou Huagang, Jiangxi Lianchuang, Tianjin Tianxing and Jiangsu Wenrun. It is also known that some powerful companies are developing R&D work for power LEDs and white LED packages, and have achieved certain results. This will promote the development of led white lighting industry.
LED packaged parts are also very strong for the LED package. It refers to the main raw materials and accessories, such as gold wire, silicon aluminum wire, epoxy resin, silver paste, bracket, strip, plating. , plastic frames and various plastic parts, packaging molds, various metal parts and fixtures. It is understood that there are more than 200 supporting enterprises, mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta and Ningbo City and its surrounding areas.
Fluorescent white LEDs are currently mainly used as phosphors, yellow and green phosphors, red and green phosphors that are excited by blue light, and trichromatic phosphors that are excited by ultraviolet light. Although several companies in Guangdong and Zhejiang are currently providing, their performance and service life need to be improved. Some domestic powerful enterprises, such as Xiamen Tongshida Co., Ltd. are working hard to develop corresponding products. The Changchun Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Nonferrous Institute, and the Chemistry Department of Peking University have done a lot of work on phosphors. I believe that they will definitely appear after their efforts. A phosphor with better performance contributes to the industrialization of LED white lighting.
Super bright and white LED package problems There are three main problems in super bright and white LED package. First, the number of packaging companies is too large, the scale of enterprises is small, and several companies with certain strength have only annual packaging capabilities. 200 million to 400 million. Only when the annual packaging capacity reaches more than 1 billion per year can we participate in the international market competition. Second, the current ultra-high-brightness LED chips mainly rely on imports, and high-end, better-performing chips are difficult to purchase. The high-power LED package is just in the development stage, mainly because there is no high-power LED chip, and it is difficult to make a breakthrough in the package. Third, for packaging white LEDs, the performance of several phosphors needs to be improved as soon as possible.
Ultra-high brightness and white LED hotspot applications Because of the wide range of applications for ultra-high brightness LEDs, especially the emergence of blue LEDs, the application surface brings more content. At present, there are hundreds of units in China that are developing and producing various applications of ultra-high brightness LEDs. The hot applications mainly include the following main aspects: large, medium and small screen displays: various billboards, sports scoreboards, finance and transportation. Signs, etc., are divided into full-color, three-color, monochrome display | display devices, more than 100 units in the country are in development and production, has now set up led display branch, in 2002 the national market more than 2 billion yuan, almost all adopted Domestic display.
Automotive lights: LEDs are included in the car's internal dashboard, audio indicators, switch backlights, reading lights and external brake lights, tail lights, side lights, headlights, etc. According to reports, in 2001, the world's ultra-high brightness LEDs accounted for 26% of the car, and a car can use 200 to 300 LED chips (or tubes). China's auto industry is in a period of great development. Excellent timing for high brightness LEDs.
Backlight: Mainly used as backlight for LCD LCD display, it has white and other various colors. At this stage, the backlight of mobile phone is very large, and 3.5 billion LED chips are used every year. According to reports, in the world in 2001, ultra-high brightness LEDs accounted for 30% of the backlight. At present, China's mobile phone production is very large, and most of the LED backlights are still imported. For China's LED products, this is also an excellent market opportunity.
Traffic lights: mainly use ultra-high brightness red, green and yellow LEDs. Because LED signal lights are energy-saving and highly reliable, traffic lights are gradually being upgraded nationwide, and the speed of promotion is fast, market demand Very big, it is a good market opportunity.
Landscape lighting, decorative lights and various special displays: The market is very large, and it is estimated that the annual usage is several billion chips.
White light illumination: It has begun to use from low-power white LED lights, such as safety lights, microscope lights, white light backlights, flashlights, special white light illumination, etc., and gradually move toward white light illumination.
It should be pointed out here that in the ultra-high brightness and white LED applications, it is necessary to seize the LED project in the related lighting display project of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. This is an excellent opportunity to promote the development of the LED lighting industry. In addition, only accelerating the promotion and application in the field of ultra-high brightness and white LED can lay a solid foundation for the development of this field, in order to speed up the development and provide guarantee for the early realization of white light lighting industrialization.
Global 2008 LED sales will exceed $5.6 billion. Industry analyst firm CIR's research report predicts that global LED market sales will increase from $3.2 billion in 2004 to $5.6 billion in 2008.
CIR reports that from 2004 to 2008, market sales of high-brightness light-emitting diode (HB-LED) or semiconductor-based luminaires will increase from $1.6 billion to $2.64 billion; and ultra-high-brightness light-emitting diodes (UHB-LEDs) The market sales will grow rapidly from 2006 and will win 22% of the global market share in 2008.
Ordinary luminaires will be the main application and will achieve sales of $844 million in 2008.
CIR pointed out that since 2004, the cost of LEDs will begin to drop rapidly. The cost reduction will lead to a rapid increase in sales, of which standard and LEDs for displays will account for the majority of such products shipped. However, in 2008, high-brightness LEDs and ultra-high-brightness LEDs will account for the vast majority of LED revenue.
Pentagonal prism is one of the beam steering devices with fixed angle (90 °). It has two purposes: first, the outgoing light turns the incident light to a certain angle (90 °) regardless of the incident angle on the first side; Second, unlike a right angle prism, its image has neither rotation nor specular reflection. Pentaprism is commonly used in camera viewfinder, image observation system or measuring instrument.
Pentagonal Prism,Pentagonal Rectangular Prism,Pentagonal Pentaprism,Optical Pentagonal Prism
Hanzhong Hengpu Photoelectric Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.hplenses.com